The technique described below has been published in part (Gooding, 1960: 162), but we think that later modifications have proved sufficiently useful to justify this note. The method was developed for examining small copepods (under 2 mm in length), but can be adapted for larger ones. It seems suitable for any small crustacean. We have found lactic acid to be the best clearing agent for the preparation of temporary mounts of whole or dissected copepods. Fresh, alcoholic, or formalinfixed specimens become cleared within a few minutes to some hours, depending

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, has encouraged in every way at her command the field work done by the writer during the summers of 1939 and 1940, and has personally made examinations of crabs during the winter months when the writer was unable to be in the field. Dr. William E. De Turk has generously given the writer permission to quote several unpublished infestation records at Beaufort, North Carolina. Dr. R. R. Kudo of the University of Illinois has translated from the Japanese a paper by Takakura, which will, when republished in part, be of great interest to students of nemerteans. For this translation the writer is particularly grateful, because without it much of the taxonomic and morphological material in this study would be incomplete. Dr. H. J. Van Cleave, under whose direction this study has been made, has offered his friendly encouragement and criticism throughout the work. in capsules between the gill lamellae left the gills within a few hours and congregated on the side of the dish farthest from the source of light. There they could be picked up in a pipette and transferred to clean sea water or to fixative. The transfer had to be made quickly or the worms GENUS CARCINONEMERTES-HUMES 9 adhered to the inside of the pipette. The egg cords of the nemerteans were picked off the egg masses either with the aid of a binocular or without magnification after the eye had become accustomed to their appearance. The free-swimming larvae left the egg masses in a few hours and collected on the side of the linger bowl nearest the source of light, where they were pipetted off into another dish. Very young worms were often found crawling among the debris on the bottom of the dish and along the sides. Mature females were recognized by their relatively greater length and reddish coloration. Mature males, on the other hand, were found to be shorter and whitish rather than red. Before making measurements of the live worms the specimens were usually first anaesthetized by dropping a few crystals of chloretone into the dish or by placing the dish in a closed chamber with chloroform fumes. Most of the worms were fixed in either Schaudinn's or Bouin's fluid. The live worms were studied either whole or by maceration. Vital stains, including Bismarck brown, neutral red, methylene blue, and Nile blue sulphate, were useful in accentuating some details of the anatomy. GENUS CARCINONEMERTES-HUMES 11 This record constitutes the earliest mention in the literature of a crustacean and a nemertean living in any kind of an association. It was not until 1845 that a nemertean living on crabs was discovered. Kolliker (1845) found six nemerteans living on the egg masses of a small crab at Messina, Sicily. These he named Nemertes cartinophilos, giving the following description: "Lange 1-3 Linien. Farbe blassorange. Augen zwei, elliptisch. Darmanhange kurz, zahlreich. Russel sehr kurz, mit einem styletartigen Zahl von 0.013'" versehen. Korper der Samenfaden 0.009"' lang." Von Siebold (1850, p. 382) referred very briefly to Kolliker's species as Nemertes carcinophilos, chan...

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Recent explorations of hydrothermal vents in the eastern Pacific (Juan de Fuca spreading zone, Guaymas Basin in the Gulf of California, East Pacific Rise at 21 N and 13 N, and Galapagos Rift) and on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge have revealed many copepods, mostly siphonostomatoids with few poecilostomatoids. In these habitats in depths from 1 808 to 3 650 m water temperatures may reach nearly 15 C. Among more than 22 000 copepods from vents examined two new families, 11 new genera, and 32 new species were represented.In addition, two new copepods were found in 3 260 m at cold seeps at the base of the West Florida Escarpment in the Gulf of Mexico, an environment not thermally active, with water temperatures about 4.39 °C.Some of these copepods were associated with host invertebrates such as a Nuculana-like protobranch bivalve, a polychaete, and two species of shrimps. Others were obtained from washings of bivalves or vestimentiferans or by means of corers or slurp guns.