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<p><em>Security comes from Latin, secures which means free from danger, fear, and threats which consist of traditional and non-traditional security approaches. Defense is defined as the main instrument of a country to create national security. National defense is defined as a dynamic condition of a country that covers all aspects of national life to deal with threats. National security encompasses the security of the state, society and individuals. There are still several definitions from several experts regarding the concepts of security and defense to date. This article analyses the forms of contemporary threats related to security and defense and explains their similarities and differences in the study of national resilience aimed at realizing a national security system and development of the national security system in other countries. This article uses a descriptive qualitative research design through literature study and interviews. This article explains that the forms of threats that occur in Indonesia include problems at the border area, SARA intolerance, inequality in bureaucratic reform, not optimal law enforcement, and transnational crime. Similarities and differences in the concepts of security and defense can be seen from the regulations, the concepts used, the institutions and the constitution. This article shows that national resilience is influenced by national defense and security. The safe condition of a country is inseparable from the security and defense factors alone but is synergized with each other factors such as economic, political, legal, social, cultural, ideological, geographic, demographic and natural resources.<strong></strong></em></p><p><strong><em>Keywords</em></strong><em>: defense, national security, national resilience, security</em></p>

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The presence of technology, such as social media in cyberspace brings its own benefits to the terrorist groups. Terrorist groups use social media to recruit, influence, rally and invite as many people as possible to join them. Adolescent has become terrorist groups’ new target for their regeneration. The characteristics of adolescents who are looking for self-value and having an interest towards social media, makes them vulnerable to be targeted by terrorist groups. This research is a qualitative research with a case study method of four teenagers’ terrorists. This study aims to analyze how social media acts as an incubator of terrorism among Indonesian teenagers and to analyze how this phenomenon can be categorized as part of Hybrid warfare. The analytical techniques in this study are documentation studies from the news that spread across social media. This research shows that terrorist groups through social media provide anxiety narratives, and provide a role for teenagers to contribute through the path of jihad. To overcome this, the Indonesia government needs to place cyber terrorism in the framework of Hybrid warfare so that the weaponry components and strategies used can be holistic and multidimensional.

This study describes about the process of disengagement from terrorists in Indonesia using the Islah, an Islamic method of making a gathering between terrorism victims, terrorists in prison, former convicts of terrorism and their networks in order to build a bridge of communication within them. The activities of Islah consist of various forms such as, gathering with nationalism insight or focus group discussions and building individual friendships. The sincerity of terrorism bomb victims who had forgiven a terrorist before the meeting made the former convicts of terrorism cases feel guilty, and their hearts were touched. They cried and apologized for the actions of their friends and what they had done. Islah allows the disengagement between the victims and the terrorist to happen naturally. This study shows that Islah can be applied in Indonesia as a method of disengagement. Most participants felt sympathetic and apologized to the victims. The friendliness of the facilitator and stakeholders makes Islah more effective. Islah is an effective disengagement method with terrorism victims and perpetrators terrorism from same cases, but Islah is not easy for perpetrators from Poso, Central Sulawesi, because they also consider themselves to be victims. Islah has been part of the local wisdom of the Indonesian people and since the Kingdom of Majapahit era. Islah, as one characteristic Islamic method, is the key to the success of disengagement in Indonesia.