RESUMO: Introdução: A prevalência de obesidade está aumentando em um ritmo alarmante em muitos países. Uma alimentação não saudável e o sedentarismo são os principais fatores de risco para a obesidade. O objetivo deste artigo foi estudar a prevalência e identificar fatores associados à obesidade na população adulta brasileira com base nos dados coletados na Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde, 2013. Método: Amostra de 59.402 indivíduos adultos, excluindo-se as mulheres grávidas. O índice de massa corporal foi calculado por meio das aferições de peso e estatura. A obesidade foi definida por índice de massa corporal ≥ 30 kg/m2. Utilizaram-se modelos de regressão logística para identificar os fatores associados à obesidade. Resultados: As prevalências de obesidade foram de 16,8% para homens e 24,4% para mulheres. Idade avançada (a partir dos 50 anos), nível de instrução baixo (sem instrução ou ensino fundamental incompleto), raça/cor preta e viver com companheiro foram fatores de risco à obesidade. A atividade física no lazer e o hábito de assistir mais de 4 horas de televisão por dia mostraram associações significativas para ambos os sexos. Quanto à morbidade referida, em pessoas obesas, as chances de ter o diagnóstico de hipertensão, diabetes ou de alguma doença crônica não transmissível foram maiores. Homens e mulheres obesos tiveram a pressão arterial sistólica significativamente aumentada. Conclusão: Os achados enfatizam a importância de políticas públicas para a prevenção da obesidade e para a promoção de hábitos saudáveis na sociedade brasileira.

Objective: To analyze changes in the lifestyles of Brazilian adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Cross-sectional study carried out with adolescents who participated in the survey “ConVid Adolescentes – Pesquisa de Comportamentos”. The indicators related to lifestyles before and during the COVID-19 pandemic were evaluated: consumption of healthy and unhealthy foods, physical activity and sedentary behavior, smoking and consumption of alcohol. Prevalence and 95% confidence intervals were calculated for the total population and according to sex and age group. Results: A total of 9,470 adolescents participated in the study. During the period of social distancing, there was an increase in the prevalence of vegetables consumption (from 27.34 to 30.5%), frozen foods (from 13.26 to 17.3%), chocolates and sweets (from 48.58 to 52.51%), and time in front of screens (from 44.57 to 70.15%). On the other hand, there was a decrease in the practice of physical activity (from 28.70 to 15.74%) and in the consumption of alcohol (from 17.72 to 12.77%). Differences were observed according to sex and age group. Conclusion: The results show changes in the lifestyle of adolescents and an increase in health risk behaviors.

Background:Female sex workers (FSWs) are one of the most-at-risk population groups for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. This paper aims at identifying the main predictors of HIV infection among FSW recruited in the 2nd Biological and Behavioral Surveillance Survey in 12 Brazilian cities in 2016.Method:Data were collected on 4245 FSW recruited by respondent driven sampling (RDS). Weights were inversely proportional to participants’ network sizes. To establish the correlates of HIV infection, we used logistic regression models taking into account the dependence of observations resultant from the recruitment chains. The analysis included socio-demographic sex work characteristics, sexual behavior, history of violence, alcohol and drug use, utilization of health services, and occurrence of other sexually transmitted infections (STIs).Results:HIV prevalence was estimated as 5.3% (4.4%–6.2%). The odds ratio (OR) of an HIV-positive recruiter choosing an HIV-positive participant was 3.9 times higher than that of an HIV-negative recruiter (P < .001). Regarding socio-demographic and sex work characteristics, low educational level, street as the main work venue, low price per sexual encounter, and longer exposure time as a sex worker were found to be associated with HIV infection, even after controlling for the homophily effect. The OR of being HIV infected among FSW who had been exposed to sexual violence at least once in a lifetime (OR = 1.5, P = .028) and the use of illicit drugs at least once a week were highly significant as well, particularly for frequent crack use (OR = 3.6, P < .001). Among the sexual behavior indicators, not using condoms in some circumstances were significantly associated with HIV infection (OR = 1.8, P = .016). Regarding the occurrence of other STI, the odds of being HIV infected was significantly higher among FSW with a reactive treponemal test for syphilis (OR = 4.6, P < .001).Conclusions:The main factors associated with HIV infection identified in our study characterize a specific type of street-based sex work in Brazil and provided valuable information for developing interventions. However, there is a further need of addressing social and contextual factors, including illicit drug use, violence, exploitation, as well as stigma and discrimination, which can influence sexual behavior.

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