The purposes of the article are to assess the impact of financing of education and health to human capital development, to consider the relationship among wages and investment in human capital, to establish directions of improvement of the investments in human capital development in Ukraine and other lower-middle-income countries. Methodology. Methodological basis of the research is the study of the dynamics of such indicators as the Human Capital Index 2020, wages, GNI per capita, education expenditure, government expenditure, financing of health, the wages of full-time employees. To solve the problems arising from the purpose of the study, systemic method (when analyzing the relationship of the investments in human capital development and wages), statistical methods of comparisons, economic analysis (when processing statistics), historical method (in the study of the evolution of Human Capital Index, expenditures on health and education), empirical and correlation-regression analysis (in the analysis of the practice of investments in human capital development) have been used. Results. The human capital is a central driver of sustainable growth and poverty reduction. The article proves that high-income countries can better finance the development of human capital; they are the leaders of the Ukraine Index 2020, more human capital in high-income countries is associated with higher earnings for people, higher income for countries, and stronger cohesion in societies. At the same time, the article substantiates that the low level of GNI per capita (3370 USD in Ukraine) and insufficient level of education and health expenditure negatively affect formation of human capital (the 53rd place in the Human Capital Index 2020). On the basis of the study of government and non-government expenditure on education and health, it has been concluded that investments in human capital are the effective tool to increase of the wages of full-time employees. Practical implications. Today human capital gains in many countries are at risk, especially in lower-middle-income countries. Features of the current socioeconomic situation require strengthening of investments in human capital development. The main steps that are necessary to undertake for implementing changes in the investments in human capital development have been determined in the article. They are the following: optimization of state financing of human capital; creation of fiscal space; creation of regional funds for financing human capital development; creation of strategic alliances and partnerships; supporting the demand for education and health care from households. Value/originality. The relationships between investments in human capital development and wages in the lower-middle-income countries are analytically proved. The complex of actions on optimization of financing of human capital has been generalized.

Introduction. Labor market is a major component of any economy and is intricately tied in with markets for capital, goods and services. At a time of immense challenges to sustainable development, employment, unemployment, particularly youth unemployment, gender inequalities are major concerns and key challenges. Purpose. The article aims is to research the national peculiarities and tendencies of the labor market and determine the directions of the state policy of Ukraine for regulating the asymmetries of its development on the basis of foreign countries experience. Method (methodology): the methods of structural and logical analysis were used to implement theoretical generalizations and formulation of mechanisms for regulating them in the context of achieving the Sustainable Development Goals; the methods of detailing and synthesis were used to study the employment, unemployment, wages, and labor migration. The statistical methods were used to study the labor market asymmetries and the trends of labor market. Results. The actual trends of development of labor market have been investigated. There are a number of problems that affect the efficiency of state policy and achieving the Global goals of sustainable development. These are problems such as employment opportunities, especially for young people; inequalities across regions, age groups and genders; informal employment; labor migration. Particular importance is attached to core indicators for reporting on contribution towards implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals as annual growth rate of real GDP per employed person; proportion of informal employment, by sex; average hourly earnings of female and male employees, by occupation, age and persons with disabilities; unemployment rate, by sex, age and persons with disabilities; proportion of youth (aged 15-24 years) not in education, employment or training. The mechanisms of regulation of asymmetries of development of labor market in Ukraine are proposed. For example, labor market reform and revision of labor law; investing in education; development of cognitive and social skills; job creation, cooperation of all parties of social-labor relations and others.

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Романов А.Д. кандидат економічних наук, доцент кафедри менеджменту, ПВНЗ «Міжнародний економіко-гуманітарний університет імені академіка Степана Дем'янчука» ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ЗДОРОВОГО СПОСОБУ ЖИТТЯ В КОНТЕКСТІ ДОСЯГНЕННЯ СТАЛОГО РОЗВИТКУ Забезпечення здорового способу життя має вирішальне значення у процесі досягнення сталого розвитку як окремих людей, так і світової спільноти. На основі аналізу індикаторів досягнення глобальних цілей сталого розвитку, описано світові тенденції та українські реалії забезпечення здорового способу життя в сучасних умовах. Наголошено, що система охорони здоров'я України не забезпечує надання якісних медичних послуг всім, що негативно впливає на тривалість та якість життя населення. Зазначено, що основними перешкодами щодо забезпечення здорового способу життя є старіння населення та зростання попиту на медичні послуги, відсутність доступу до якісних медичних послуг, недостатність та неефективність фінансування охорони здоров'я, шкідливі звички населення. Запропоновано заходи щодо розвитку системи охорони здоров'я, реалізація яких сприятиме більш ефективному використанню людських ресурсів, поліпшенню їхнього економічного добробуту, зростання тривалості та якості життя населення.Ключові слова: сталий розвиток, здоров'я, здоровий спосіб життя, індикатори, медичні послуги, фінансування системи охорони здоров'я. ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЕ ЗДОРОВОГО ОБРАЗА ЖИЗНИ В КОНТЕКСТЕ ДОСТИЖЕНИЯ УСТОЙЧИВОГО РАЗВИТИЯРоманов А.Д. Обеспечение здорового образа жизни имеет решающее значение в процессе достижения устойчивого развития, как отдельных людей, так и мирового сообщества. На основе анализа индикаторов достижения глобальных целей устойчивого развития, описаны мировые тенденции и украинские реалии обеспечения здорового образа жизни в современных условиях. Отмечено, что система здравоохранения Украины не обеспечивает предоставление качественных медицинских услуг всем, что плохо влияет на продолжительность и качество жизни населения. Отмечено, что основными препятствиями по обеспечению здорового образа жизни является старение населения и рост спроса на медицинские услуги, отсутствие доступа к качественным медицинским услугам, недостаточность и неэффективность финансирования здравоохранения, вредные привычки населения. Предложены меры по развитию системы здравоохранения, реализация которых будет способствовать более эффективному использованию человеческих ресурсов, улучшению их экономического благосостояния, рост продолжительности и качества жизни населения.Ключевые слова: устойчивое развитие, здоровье, здоровый образ жизни, индикаторы, медицинские услуги, финансирование системы здравоохранения. realities of ensuring a healthy lifestyle in the current conditions are described. According to research of WHO and OECD, major health gains have been made in recent years, yet complex, interconnected threats remain. It was emphasized that the health care system of Ukraine does not provide quality medical services to all. There are a number of problems that affect the efficiency of state policy and achieving the global goals o...

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