O esclareolido (1) foi incubado com oito diferentes espécies de fungos filamentosos usados convencionalmente para bio-oxidações. O composto 1 metabolizado pelo fungo Aspergilus niger em um meio de cultura A forneceu o 3-cetoesclareolido (2) e 3b-hidroxiesclareolido (4). Quando em um meio de cultura B (mais rico em nutrientes em relação ao meio de cultura A), foram obtidos os compostos 2, 4, e ainda 3a,6b-diidroxiesclareolido (16), 1-cetoesclareolido (17), 3-ceto-15-hidroxiesclareolido (18) e 3b, 15-diidroxiesclareolido (19). Os produtos 16-19 resultantes da biotransformação de 1 são relatados como substâncias inéditas. A fermentação de 1 com Cunninghamella blackesleeana usando o meio de cultura A forneceu os compostos 2 e 4, enquanto que empregando o meio de cultura B, forneceu os compostos 2, 4, 16 e 17. Os compostos 2, 4 e 17 foram obtidos também com Curvularia lunata. A biotransformação de 1 com Beauveria bassiana forneceu o composto 4 com rendimento satisfatório; com Rhizopus oligosporus e com Mucor miehei forneceu os compostos 2 e 4, enquanto que com R. nigricans and Fusarium moliniforme os compostos 2, 4 e 16 foram obtidos. A avaliação dos efeitos citotóxicos do composto 1 e dos produtos obtidos frente as linhagens de células cancerosas humanas selecionadas (U251, PC-3, K562, HCT-15, MCF-7 e SKUL-1) indicaram que o composto 16 (3a,6b-diidroxiesclareolido) apresenta um efeito citotóxico moderado (IC 50 < 100 mM) contra a U251, a PC-3, a HCT-15 e a MCF-7.Sclareolide (1) was incubated with eight different species of filamentous fungi conventionally used for bio-oxidations. Compound 1 was metabolized with Aspergillus niger in medium A to yield 3-ketosclareolide (2) and 3b-hydroxysclareolide (4), while in medium B (containing major number of nutrients with respect to medium A), compounds 2, 4, 3a,6b-dihydroxysclareolide (16), 1-ketosclareolide (17), 3-keto-15-hydroxysclareolide (18) and 3b,15-dihydroxysclareolide (19) were obtained. The biotransformation products 16-19 were found to be new substances. Fermentation of 1 with Cunninghamella blackesleeana using medium A afforded 2 and 4, while using medium B yielded 2, 4, 16 and 17. Compounds 2, 4 and 17 were also obtained with Curvularia lunata. Biotransformation of 1 with Beauveria bassiana yielded 4 in satisfactory yield, with Rhizopus oligosporus and Mucor miehei afforded 2 and 4, while with R. nigricans and Fusarium moliniforme yielded 2, 4 and 16. Cytotoxic evaluation of 1 and the obtained products against selected human cancer cell lines (U251, PC-3, K562, HCT-15, MCF-7 and SKUL-1) indicated that 16 (3a,6b-dihydroxysclareolide) displayed moderate cytotoxic (IC 50 < 100 mM) against U251, PC-3, HCT-15 and MCF-7.
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