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El desarrollo de sistemas de identificación de hojas de plantas es un reto actual que comprende numerosas aplicaciones que van desde alimentación, medicina, industria y medio ambiente. En la literatura actual, se han propuesto varias técnicas con el objetivo de identificar plantas en diversos campos de aplicación. Sin embargo, las técnicas actuales están restringidas al reconocimiento e identificación de tipos de plantas limitados, utilizando descriptores de características específicos. En este artículo, se realiza un análisis comparativo de diversos métodos de extracción de características (texturales, cromáticas y geométricas) y clasificación sobre conjuntos de plantas muy similares y disimiles entre sí. Doce conjuntos de hojas con características de forma similares son estudiados utilizando varios clasificadores. Se analiza el desempeño de diferentes combinaciones de características en cada conjunto. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que para incrementar el desempeño de los clasificadores estudiados, es necesaria una combinación de las diferentes técnicas de extracción de características, esta necesidad es mayor cuando se trabaja con conjuntos de hojas con características muy similares. Además, se muestra el mejor desempeño de un clasificador con otro.

No abstract

Recently, deep-learning techniques have become the foundations for many breakthroughs in the automated identification of plant diseases. In the agricultural sector, many recent visual-computer approaches use deep-learning models. In this approach, a novel predictive analytics methodology to identify Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV) and Pepper Huasteco Yellow Vein Virus (PHYVV) visual symptoms on Jalapeño pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) leaves by using image-processing and deep-learning classification models is presented. The proposed image-processing approach is based on the utilization of Normalized Red-Blue Vegetation Index (NRBVI) and Normalized Green-Blue Vegetation Index (NGBVI) as new RGB-based vegetation indices, and its subsequent Jet pallet colored version NRBVI-Jet NGBVI-Jet as pre-processing algorithms. Furthermore, four standard pre-trained deep-learning architectures, Visual Geometry Group-16 (VGG-16), Xception, Inception v3, and MobileNet v2, were implemented for classification purposes. The objective of this methodology was to find the most accurate combination of vegetation index pre-processing algorithms and pre-trained deep- learning classification models. Transfer learning was applied to fine tune the pre-trained deep- learning models and data augmentation was also applied to prevent the models from overfitting. The performance of the models was evaluated using Top-1 accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score using test data. The results showed that the best model was an Xception-based model that uses the NGBVI dataset. This model reached an average Top-1 test accuracy of 98.3%. A complete analysis of the different vegetation index representations using models based on deep-learning architectures is presented along with the study of the learning curves of these deep-learning models during the training phase.

The increasing adoption of mobile personal devices and Internet of Things devices is leveraging the emergence of a wide variety of opportunistic sensing applications. However, the designers of this type of applications face a set of technical challenges related to the limitations and heterogeneity of the hardware and software platforms and to the dynamics of the scenarios where they are deployed. In this paper, we introduce a Semantic-Centric Fog-based framework aimed at effectively and efficiently supporting this type of applications. The proposed framework is composed of local and distributed algorithms that support the establishment and coordination of sensing tasks in the Fog. First, it performs ontology-driven in-network processing to locate the most adequate devices to carry out a given sensing task and then, it establishes efficient multihop routes that are used to coordinate relevant devices and to transport the collected sensory data to Fog sinks. We present a set of theorems that prove that the proposed algorithms are correct and the results of a series of detailed simulation-based experiments in NS3 that characterize the performance of the proposed platform. The results show that the proposed framework outperforms traditional sensing platforms that are based on centralized services.