In acute bacterial meningitis, there is a progressive shift from methicillin-sensitive strains to methicillin-resistant strains in recent years. Although most patients have a favorable response to vancomycin and linezolid, the beneficial effect of combined antimicrobial therapy or alternative antibiotics needs to be evaluated.

ICGA is an effective technique to assess bypass patency during cerebrovascular surgery. Routine use of ICGA in cerebral bypass surgery improves graft patency and minimizes complications due to graft occlusion.

Medicinal leeches are extremely useful and safe in the salvage of venous outflow compromised tissue,