Background: To identify the risk factors and to streamline preventive and management protocols for IUD. Methods: This was a retrospective study from January 2011 to December 2012 which was conducted at G.S.V.M. Medical College, Kanpur. IUD was defined as fetal death beyond 20 weeks of gestation and/or birth weight > 500g. Maternal and fetal records were analysed. Mode of delivery and associated complications were studied. Results: Total number of deliveries were 7310.Incidence of IUD at our centre was 40 per 1000. 55.73% were antepartum and 11.06% were intra partum. In 33.44% cases, no causes were identified. Among the identifiable causes, very severe anemia (16.55%) and hypertensive disorders (10.81%) were most common followed by placental causes (12.16%).Congenital malformations were responsible for 9.45% cases .Induction was done in 151 patients,111 patients had spontaneous onset of labour and caesarean section was done in 34 patients. The most devastating complication of IUD was DIC found in 14 patients (3.71%). Conclusions: The present study is an effort to compile a profile of maternal, fetal and placental causes culminating to IUD at our centre. This emphasizes the importance of proper antenatal care and identification of risk factors and its treatment. Institutional deliveries should be promoted to prevent intrapartum fetal deaths .A substantial number of IUD are still labeled as unexplained, hence cannot be prevented. Decrease in the incidence of IUD would significantly reduce the perinatal mortality. [Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol 2013; 2(2.000): 141-146

Background: Severe acute malnutrition (SAM) is associated with various pathophysiological changes in the body including hematological system. This study was done to understand the hematological profile of severely malnourished children.Methods: This case control study was conducted in the Department of pediatrics, G.S.V.M. Medical College, Kanpur from January 2014 to December 2015. 200 children, aged 6 months- 5years admitted to our hospital with SAM were enrolled as cases. 200 children with normal nutritional status without haematological or infectious conditions attending routine clinic were selected as controls. The hematological parameters were analyzed using an automated blood Analyzer.Results: 95% of the children with SAM had anemia, out of which 52% were severely anemic and 28% were moderately anemic. Mean value for hemoglobin was lower in test group (7.17±2.265gm/dl) as compared to control group (9.22±3.362gm/dl). Children with SAM had statistically significant lower mean values for red cell indices like RBC counts, MCV, MCH and MCHC compared to controls. The mean value of WBC in SAM children was 12.1±11.5×103, while it was 6.2± 7.8×103 in controls. The cases had higher mean value for neutrophils and lower mean value for lymphocytes.Conclusions: Children with SAM had lower mean hemoglobin, hematocrit and red cell indices and higher mean value of total leukocyte and platelet counts. This study recommends that more frequent studies should be done to describe the trend of hematopoietic changes in children with SAM to enhance anticipatory care and outcome of the affected children.

Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) is a newly emerged infectious disease that first appeared in China. Vitamin D is a steroid hormone with an anti-inflammatory protective role during viral infections, including SARS-CoV-2 infection, via regulating the innate and adaptive immune responses. The study aimed to investigate the correlation between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) levels and clinical outcomes of COVID-19. This was a retrospective study of 126 COVID-19 patients treated in NMC Royal Hospital, UAE. The mean age of patients was 43 ± 12 years. Eighty three percentage of patients were males, 51% patients were with sufficient (> 20 ng/mL), 41% with insufficient (12–20 ng/mL), and 8% with deficient (<12 ng/mL) serum 25(OH)D levels. There was a statistically significant correlation between vitamin D deficiency and mortality (p = 0.04). There was a statistically significant correlation between 25(OH)D levels and ICU admission (p = 0.03), but not with the need for mechanical ventilation (p = 0.07). The results showed increased severity and mortality by 9 and 13%, respectively, for each one-year increase in age. This effect was maintained after adjustment for age and gender (Model-1) and age, gender, race, and co-morbidities (Models-2,3). 25(OH)D levels (<12 ng/mL) showed a significant increase in mortality by eight folds before adjustments (p = 0.01), by 12 folds in Model-1 (p = 0.04), and by 62 folds in the Model-2. 25(OH)D levels (< 20 ng/mL) showed no association with mortality before adjustment and in Model-1. However, it showed a significant increase in mortality by 29 folds in Model-3. Neither 25(OH)D levels (<12 ng/mL) nor (< 20 ng/mL) were risk factors for severity. Radiological findings were not significantly different among patients with different 25(OH)D levels. Despite observed shorter time till viral clearance and time from cytokine release storm to recovery among patients with sufficient 25(OH)D levels, the findings were statistically insignificant. In conclusion, we demonstrated a significant correlation between vitamin D deficiency and poor COVID-19 outcomes.

Background: In Kanpur, overall there were an estimated 43.6% stunted, 24.1% wasted and 41.8% underweight under-five children. There is a critical window of opportunity to prevent undernutrition by taking care of the nutrition of children in the first two years of life. With this background the present study was undertaken with the aim to assess the nutritional status in under five children in the slum area of Kanpur Nagar.Methods: The present study was conducted in 30 slums of Kanpur Nagar selected through 30 cluster sampling technique. The sample size was calculated as 390. From each cluster, approximate 13 study subjects aged 0-60 months were studied. Mothers of study subjects were interviewed to illicit the requisite information, using a predesigned and pretested questionnaire. Anthropometric measurements were taken using standard technique for each study subject. Data collected was analyzed using statistical tool.Results: Based on WHO classification, the prevalence of stunting and severe stunting was observed to be 31.28% and 13.59%. 14.62% study subjects were wasted while 6.15% subjects had severe wasting. 40.51% had mild-moderate malnutrition and 7.95% had severe malnutrition as per the criteria of mid upper arm circumference. Malnutrition was significantly associated with the age of the study subjects (p <0.05). The prevalence of malnutrition decreased significantly with higher maternal education and among those whose mother’s were housewives (p <0.05). Lower birth order and middle socio-economic class was associated with decreased prevalence of malnutrition (p <0.05). Conclusions: The nutritional status of children is dependent on maternal education and occupation and socioeconomic status. Nutrition education can have a significant effect in its reduction.

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