Descending necrotizing mediastinitis is a severe infection spreading from the cervical region to the mediastinum. Since this pathology is uncom mon, only a few reports of large series of patients with descending nec rotizing mediastinitis have been published. The present aim was to eval uate our treat ment strategy and survival for this disease by a retrospective chart review. Methods. Retrospective analysis of 45 cases with descending necrotizing mediastinitis was performed between 2002 and 2011. The mean age was 55.3 ± 15.4 years. The primary oropharyngeal infection was found in 16 (35.6%), an odontogenic abscess in 17 (37.7%) and other causes in 12 (26.7%) patients. Endo type I mediastinitis was assessed in 25 (56%) patients, Endo type IIA in 10 (22%) and Endo type IIB in 10 (22%) patients. Broad spectrum antibiotics were administered empirically and surgical treatment consisting of cervical drainage, thoracotomy with radical surgical debridement of the mediastinum and placement of permanent mediastinal irrigation were performed in all the cases. Results. Collar incision and drainage only were performed in 16 (35.6%) patients, whereas only transthoracic approach was used in five cases (11%). In the remaining 24 (53.4%) patients cervical drainage and thoracic operation were performed. Fifteen patients had severe complications: septic shock, multiple organ failure and haemorrhage from mediastinal vessels. The median hospital stay was 21 days. The outcome was favourable in 35 patients. Ten patients died (overall mortality 22.2%). There was a negative correlation between the time from the onset of symptoms till the first admittance to hospital and hospitalization time (Pearson correlation coefficient 0.357, p = 0.016). That allows us to suggest that time of illness spent at home without appropriate treatment plays a crucial role on the survival. It was found that younger age, Endo type I, negative bacterial culture and longer hospital stay are true precursors of favourable outcome. Conclusions. For descending necrotizing mediastinitis limited to the upper part of the mediastinum a transcervical approach and drainage may be sufficient. However, in advanced cases an immediate and more aggressive surgical approach is required to combat a much higher morbidity and mortality in this subset of patients.
Stemplës perforacijos gydymas yra sudëtingas ir diskusinis, nes tokiø ligoniø yra maþai, jø bûklë daþniausiai bûna sunki, liga vëlai diagnozuota. Ðiame darbe pabandëme panagrinëti 29 metø vyro, operuoto praëjus 14 dienø po savaiminio stemplës plyðimo, ligos eigà. Pagrindiniai þodþiai: stemplës perforacijaThe treatment of esophageal perforation is difficult and controversial because of small amount of cases. Usually patients condition is bad and proper diagnosis is delayed. We present our experience with 29 year old male, who was operated 14 days after spontaneous esophageal perforation, case.
1 StreszczenieWstęp: Rany kłute serca są dramatycznymi, prowadzącymi do zgonu urazami. Na ogół zdarzają się u ludzi młodych. Więk-szość ofiar umiera przed przyjęciem do szpitala. Cel pracy: Celem pracy było określenie czynników decydują-cych o wynikach leczenia i rokowaniu chorych z ranami kłu-tymi serca. , p = 0,031), wyższy stopień urazu (IV-VI) (90,5% vs 29,7%, p < 0,001), uraz prawego przedsionka (28,6% vs 8,5%, p = 0,014) lub lewej komory (42,9% vs 23,0%, p = 0,049) i epizody zatrzymania krążenia (85,7% vs 7,9%, p < 0,001). Niezależnym prognostycznym czynnikiem przeżycia była obecność wszystkich czynników SOL oraz młodszy wiek. Wyższy stopień urazu (IV-VI) oraz zatrzymanie krążenia w trakcie operacji były niezależnymi czynnikami zgonu. Wnioski: Prekursorami złego rokowania były niższe wartości ciśnienia tętniczego oraz brak co najmniej jednego z czynni- CARDIAC SURGERY AbstractBackground: Penetrating cardiac injuries are a dramatic and lethal form of trauma. They are usually sustained by young people. The majority of victims die before reaching the hospital. Aim of the study: The aim of the study was to establish prognostic criteria for the outcome of penetrating cardiac injury. Material and methods: We retrospectively reviewed the records of 186 patients with penetrating cardiac injuries who were operated on during the first 24 hours after admission. Results: The mean age was 33 (interquartile range (IQR): 26-44) years. 88.7% of victims were male. The mean time from the moment of trauma to arrival at the hospital in Vilnius city was 60 minutes (IQR: 50-91), whereas from the Vilnius region it was 240 (IQR: 82-390) minutes. The vast majority of patients (176/186, 94.6%) sustained stab wounds. Hemopericardium or cardiac tamponade (142/186, 76.3%) usually was found at the operation. Right ventricle was the most often injured heart chamber (75/186, 40.3%). Associated injuries were evaluated in 57.0% (106/186) of patients. The survival rate on discharge was 88.7%. Compared to non-survivors, the lucky patients had a higher systolic blood pressure on admission (94 mm Hg (IQR: 70-120) versus (vs.) 70 mm Hg (IQR: 0-80), p < 0.001). Survivors had all signs of life (SOL) more often (82.4% vs. 42.9%, p < 0.001), whereas more frequent findings in non-survivors were the following: tamponade (52.4% vs. 29.1%, p = 0.031), higher grade (IV-VI) of injury (90.5% vs. 29.7%, p < 0.001), injured right atrium (28.6% vs. 8.5% p = 0.014) or left ventricle (42.9% vs. 23.0%, p = 0.049) and an episode of heart arrest (85.7% vs. 7.9%, p < 0.001). Independent prognostic factors of survival were the presence of all SOL and younger age. Higher grade (IV-VI) of heart injury and heart arrest during surgery independently predicted mortality. Conclusions: According to our data, lower arterial blood pressure and absence of one or more SOL on admission, cardiac tamponade, higher grade injury, injured right atrium and asystole during operation are true precursors of fatal outcome.
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