This study aims to determine the effectiveness of KALPIN (Smart Calendar) and leaflets in increasing self-efficacy in hypertensive patients. The method used is a quasi-experimental with a pretest-posttest control group design involving 100 patients undergoing outpatient treatment at the Penyengat Olak Health Center. The results showed that the average value of respondents' self-efficacy before being given intervention in the intervention group was 5.8 with a standard deviation of 4.638, while the average value after being given intervention was 9.89 with a standard deviation of 1.526. Meanwhile, the average self-efficacy before intervention in the control group was 6.37 with a standard deviation of 3.774, while the average value after intervention in the control group was 7.00 with a standard deviation of 3.058. The results of further analysis using the Wilcoxon test obtained a p-value of <0.05. In conclusion, there was an increase in the self-efficacy of hypertension sufferers after giving KALPIN education and leaflets. Keywords: Hypertension, KALPIN, Leaflet, Self-Efficacy

Abstract Background: The intervention program for preventing and controlling hypertension is a challenge for health workers, one of which is by helping individuals do self-management (Self-Care) to overcome hypertension, this can increase their self-confidence (Self-Efficacy) to live with chronic diseases. Self-management is an individual's ability to carry out self-care activities to maintain life, improve, and maintain individual health and well-being. E-Kalpin is a visual-based education developed to improve patient self-management in comorbid patients. Patients can use E-Kalpin as a medium that helps them supervise and control blood pressure. This study aimed to see the effectiveness of E-Kalpin's self-management as a predictor of hemodynamics in patients with hypertension during the covid pandemic. Method: This study used a quasi-experimental research design with a pretest-posttest approach with a control group. The population in this study were all patients with hypertension in the Aur Duri Public Health Center working area with a sample group of 30 respondents. The researcher used the E-Kalpin media as a media instrument which was arranged in the form of a questionnaire to obtain information and data from respondents. Results: This study resulted in a relationship between the use of the E-Kalpin application as a medium to assist them in supervising and controlling their illness. The statistical test results obtained a p-value of 0.018, meaning that at 5% alpha there was a significant difference in the average of the kalpin group and the control group. This means that using E-Kalpin can assist people with hypertension in their self-management thus it can be used as a hemodynamic predictor in daily activities. Conclusion: Health workers can use E-Kalpin as an educational medium that helps people with hypertension to predict the hemodynamics of the body in controlling blood pressure. For further research, it is recommended to examine various supporting factors or other variables that affect the use of E-Kalpin application media to assist patients in controlling blood pressure.

Introduction. Music has been widely recognized for its effectiveness in controlling anxiety and pain. However, in particular groups such as children, the implementation may be challenging, especially regarding the type of music selection. The aim of the study is to evaluate the music therapy efficacy on pain and anxiety management in pediatric care to improve the management of pain and anxiety in the pediatric population. Methods. This review was written according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) statement. In assessing the impact of music therapy as a method of pain and anxiety management in pediatric care, a database tracking was conducted for articles publicized between 2000 and 2022. The databases used including Sciencedirect, Cochrane library, PubMed, and Wiley online library. Articles were deemed if the study subjects ranged in age from 0 to 21 years old, the intervention was live or recorded music, and the study took place in an inpatient background. Results. 1,129 publications were discovered. In final search of literature, there are 12 articles included in this review. There is consistent and consequential evidence that music may relieve pain and anxiety in hospitalized children before and during procedures. The type of music that is widely used is classical and traditional instrumental music. In addition, there were only two studies using nursery rhymes. Conclusion. The patient's preference in choosing music for children enables them to determine the appropriateness of therapy. Classical music can be the main choice in applying music therapy in reducing anxiety and pain in children.