BackgroundEarly childhood caries (ECC) is a significant worldwide oral health problem. However, parents do not take their children to the dentist for regular screening of oral diseases as early as they do with pediatricians and family physicians. As a result, pediatricians and family physicians are considered as a reliable and perfect source for children’s oral health promotion and disease prevention. Studies assessing pediatricians’ and family physicians’ practice, knowledge and attitude regarding ECC and infant’s oral health in Saudi Arabia are few. As a result, this study aimed to assess these aspects.MethodologyA cross-sectional study based on a structured close-ended questionnaire was conveniently distributed among pediatricians and family physicians in Riyadh city, Saudi Arabia. The questionnaire composed of two main sections; demographic characteristics and questions assessing participants’ practice, knowledge and attitude. The data was analyzed using SAS software, frequency and chi-square test were conducted, and P-value of <0.05 and less was considered significant.ResultsThere was a discrepancy between the participants’ knowledge, attitude and practice. The participants’ practice was lower (42.6%) compared with their attitude (86.1%) and knowledge (65.3%). Most of the participants (52.5%) indicated lack of clinical time was the main barrier for performing oral health related activities. Majority of the participants (76.7%) indicated that they need more dental training and education. Dental caries preventive methods (44.6%) was the most requested topic, of which workshops and seminars were the main preferred method (39.6%).ConclusionAlthough most of the participants reported good dental attitude and knowledge, a lack of the associated dental practice was detected. Therefore, more efforts are encouraged to enhance and facilitate dental practice among pediatricians and family physicians.

Self-medication is a widespread behavior worldwide. It is defined as the practice of self-diagnosis and drug prescription without proper professional consultation. Aim: To determine the prevalence and predictors of self-medication for oral health problems among adults living in Riyadh city. Methods: A cross-sectional study based on a structured close-ended questionnaire was distributed among adults visiting shopping malls in all different five regions of Riyadh. A two-stage sampling technique was used: cluster and simple random sampling. The questionnaire was composed of two main sections: demographic characteristics and questions assessing the behavior of self-medication. Results: The prevalence of self-medication was found to be 63.25%, with a higher prevalence among females than males. Gender and nationality were significantly associated with self-medication. Salt in hot water locally (52.57%) and acetaminophen (47.43%), a type of an analgesic, were, systemically, the most frequently used. Pharmacy shops were the main source of these medicaments (66.01%). Similarly, the advice for using them was mainly given by pharmacists (53.36%). Lack of time was claimed to be the main reason for practicing self-medication (54.55%) with abscess, toothache, and gingival bleeding being the main predictors. Conclusions: Self-medication was found to be a common practice among the population of Riyadh city.

Aim: This paper aims to assess the evidence in the literature reporting orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption (OIIRR) in treatment with orthodontic clear aligners using 3D measurements. Materials and methods: Following preferred reporting Items for systematic reviews (PRISMA) statement, eight electronic databases were searched for relevant published and unpublished records. Data collected according to restricted inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: A total of 236 articles were identified as relevant to our topic. Duplicates were excluded resulting in 226 papers, out of which 31 papers were relevant after screening titles and abstracts. Only 2 high-level evidence papers out of the 31 met the inclusion criteria for the qualitative synthesis. Conclusion: Based on the available studies with high level of evidence in the literature, we conclude that orthodontic clear aligners are non-inferior to light-force fixed orthodontic appliances, and superior to heavy-force fixed orthodontic appliances in terms of the risk for developing apical root resorption. Clinical significance: Orthodontists can be more assured about the low-risk of OIIRR associated with clear aligners compared to other orthodontic treatment modalities, and it remains up to the practitioner's assessment to select the appropriate treatment on a case by case basis.

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