Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh data tentang hasil belajar siswa dengan penerapan media pembelajaran engine cutting sepeda motor. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode pre eksperimen dengan one group pretest-posttest design. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas X TBSM di SMKNegeri 8 sebanyak 180 orang. Sampel menggunakan purposive sampling dengan metode nonprobability sampling sebanyak 33 orang. Instrumen penelitian menggunakan kuesioner dan tes tulis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pembelajaran dengan penerapan media pembelajaran engine cutting sepeda sebanyak 94% siswa sudah belajar dengan tuntas. Penggunaan media engine cutting sepeda motor dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa dengan peningkatan hasil belajar (N-gain) dengan nilai 0,68 yang termasuk dalam kriteria sedang.

The success of global governance depends on the coherency of its actor’s efforts, notably states. States are expected to meet their international obligation, including through their domestic policies. As a member of the international community, Indonesia has become a party to numerous treaties and participated in various global challenges. Yet, the reference to international law by Indonesia's domestic court has so far been justified only for the sake of improving the quality of judgment or maintaining Indonesia's standing as a law-abiding state. Further, most of Indonesia's legal scholars focus their attention on international law's position in the domestic legal hierarchy and how the monism and dualism approach influence international law implementation at the national level. This article focuses on how domestic court judgments have impacts outside national borders. It employs a normative research method and uses the Central Kalimantan Forest Fire case as the steppingstone of discussion. It concludes that the application of international law by Indonesia's domestic court supports delivering high-quality judgment and strengthening global governance.

The World Heritage Convention demands its states parties to strengthen mechanisms to conserve and preserve natural and cultural heritage consistently. A party to the Convention, Indonesia faces challenges to maintain the balance of economic, social, and environment considerations, pertaining to policies that affect natural heritage. Nevertheless, Indonesia remains committed to observe the Convention’s rules, including ones on sustainability and conservation. As analyzed through transnational legal process theory, the performance of this commitment helps to internalize the Convention’s rules into domestic context. It is suggested that Indonesia step up its interaction with the Convention’s actors in the hope of expanding the internalization of the Convention since it will help Indonesia to design better nature conservation and preservation mechanism.

The application of treaty is still influenced by different views on the approach chosen by Indonesia, whether monism or dualism. By using normative method, this study questions the relevance of monism-incorporation and dualism-transformation approaches in determining the application of treaty. Two key aspects will be reviewed, namely parliamentary approval and the drafting of national regulations to implement treaty. It concludes that the dichotomy of monism and dualism has various limitations, and is irrelevant for determining the application of treaty. Parliamentary approval is required for treaty application, both in monist and dualist countries. Several dualist countries have even sought parliamentary approval before ratification can take place. The formulation of national regulations is common in monist and dualist countries. Not to fulfill theoretical demands in line with the monism and dualism approaches, but to ensure harmonization and the ability of state to carry out its obligations.