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A new hybrid photonic crystal fiber (PCF) with circular rings based microstructure core gas sensor has been proposed for detecting ammonia gas at the wavelength of 1.544 μm. The finite element method has been used for numerical investigation. According to the results, the relative sensitivity is obtained as high as 70.25% at a wavelength of 1.544 μm. Furthermore, high birefringence and effective area are acquired by orders of 1.24 × 10−3 and 13.35 μm2, respectively. Finally, a low confinement loss of 1.202 × 10−1 dB/m is gained at the same wavelength. The absorption spectroscopy system can be used for detecting ammonia gas for experimental work. The theoretical results show that the proposed PCF still exhibits high relative sensitivity for a low concentration of ammonia gas at the wavelength of 1.544 μm, which makes the sensors detect gas precisely and can be used for medical and industrial applications.

A new triangular photonic crystal fiber with a based microstructure core gas sensor has been proposed for the wavelength range from 1.1μm to 1.7μm. The guiding trait of the proposed structure depends on geometric parameters and wavelength, which are numerically studied by the finite element method. According to the results, the relative sensitivity obtained as high as 75.14% at 1.33μm wavelength. high birefringence and effective area are also obtained by order of 3.75×10-3 and 14.07 μm2 finally, low confinement loss of 1.41×10-2 dB/m is acquired at the same wavelength. The variation of the diameters in the cladding and core region is investigated and the results show that this structure has good stability for manufacturing goals. Since the results show the highest sensitivity at wavelengths around 1.2μm to 1.7μm, which is the absorption line of many gases such as methane (CH4), hydrogen fluoride (HF), ammonia (NH3), this gas sensor can be used for medical and industrial applications.

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