Igarapé do Quarenta (IgQ), a stream located in the Manaus-AM, BR, has directly experienced the impacts of urban expansion over the last five decades, which contributed for its contamination. As an affluent of Rio Negro, IgQ also affects the water quality of this important river that bathes Manaus. However, the stress caused by the prolonged exposition to chemical agents may have selected microorganisms that exhibit great bioremediation potential. In the present study, bacteria isolated from four distinct sites of the IgQ were identified, and their potential to degrade hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) was investigated using the s-diphenylcarbazide method. Among the investigated isolates, 14 exhibited resistance against Cr(VI) at a concentration of 300 mg/L and eight isolates reduced over 50% (53.5–97.4%) chromium ratios after 72 h of incubation. Those isolates were identified by gene sequencing and classified in 10 genera (Acidovorax sp., Acinetobacter sp., Alicycliphilus sp., Bacillus sp., Comamonas sp., Enterobacter sp., Micrococcus sp., Proteus sp., Serratia sp., and Vagococcus sp.). Under control conditions, the isolate of Vagococcus sp. genus, in only 24 h of incubation, reduced 96.8% of the rate of Cr(VI) added to the culture medium at the concentration of 10 mg/L. Obtained results indicate that the Vagococcus sp. exhibits a great potential to be used in the bioremediation of areas contaminated with chromium. The mechanisms of action of microorganisms should be investigated for more specific applications in the decontamination of effluents and direct use of its by-products to bioremediate polluted environments.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1007/s11270-018-3903-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Conhecido popularmente como guaraná, Paullinia cupana Kunth var. sorbilis (Mart.) Ducke, da tribo Paullinieae, família Sapindaceae, é uma espécie nativa brasileira de considerável importância econômica na indústria farmacêutica e de alimentos. Os actinomicetos são qualitativa e quantitativamente importantes na rizosfera, podendo influenciar o crescimento de plantas e proteger as raízes da invasão de fungos patogênicos, podendo desta maneira, serem utilizados no controle biológico de doenças em plantações. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar ação antibacteriana de actinomicetos rizosféricos de guaranazeiro de plantações localizadas no município de Maués/AM, com o intuito de encontrar novos agentes antimicrobianos frente a bactérias patogênicas aos seres humanos. Foram investigados 17 actinomicetos isolados da rizosfera de guaranazeiro, e avaliados quanto sua atividade antimicrobiana frente a quatro bactérias patogênicas de interesse clínico. Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumococo, Enterococcus faecalis e Bacilus subtilis. A avaliação da atividade antagônica pelos isolados, foi realizada através do método de cross streak e termoestabilidade. Os resultados revelaram que o isolado ACT 4 possibilitou a inibição de apenas dois patógenos, sendo estes, Staphylococcus aureus e Bacillus subtilis, enquanto o isolado ACT 93 exibiu amplo espectro de atividade contra todas as bactérias patogênicas gram-positivas avaliadas. Quanto à termoestabilidade e produção de metabólitos pelos isolados, apenas o isolado ACT 4 conseguiu inibir uma bactéria Enterococcus faecalis. Este estudo mostra que os isolados de actinomicetos têm o potencial de atuar como possíveis fontes de novos compostos antibacteriano contra micro-organismos patogênicos humanos. No entanto, ensaios mais aprofundados são necessários para que futuramente possam se formar uma entrada importante na indústria farmacêutica.
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