Sweet corn is cultivated in different climatic regions of the world, and consumed either fresh or processed. Morpho-physiological effects of environmental stress on yield, yield components and quality of some sweet corn varieties were investigated in field experiments conducted at Southeastern Anatolia Region of Turkey during 2019 and 2020 growing seasons. The experimental lay out was randomized blocks with three replicates. Eight candidates and two control sweet corn varieties classified as moderate maturity (FAO 650–700) were used in field experiment. Mean values of pollen fertility rate (PFR, %), total soluble solids (TSS, °Brix), abscisic acid (ABA, nmol/g DW), ear length (EL, cm), plant height (PH, cm), number of grains per cob (CGN, grain) and fresh cob yield (FCY, t ha−1) were significantly different between years and sweet corn varieties. The PFR, TSS, ABA, EL, PH, CGN and FCY ranged from 40.29–67.65%, 13.24–20.09 °brix, 7.74–21.04 nmol/g DW, 9.69–15.98 cm, 97.80–171.34 cm, 289.15–420.33 grain and 4.15–10.23 t ha−1 respectively. The FCY, yield components and PFR values in the second year that had a higher temperature and lower relative humidity were lower compared to the first year, while ABA and TSS values were higher in the second year. Statistically significant correlations were recorded between the parameters investigated except FCY and TSS. The FCY and other parameters of sweet corn varieties, which produced high ABA phytohormone, were high, and the ABA hormone significantly contributed to plant growth under stress conditions. The results revealed that the PFR physiological parameter and ABA hormone in the plants provide important information about stress level and stress tolerance level of the cultivars, respectively. Despite adverse environmental stress conditions, the FCY of ŞADA-18.7 variety, one of the candidate varieties, was higher than that of the control and the mean value of the experiment.

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Öz Bu araştırma, 2018-2019 yetiştirme sezonunda Şanlıurfa ilinin Akçakale ilçesi çiftçi koşullarında 25 ekmeklik buğday çeşidi ile tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre 3 tekerrürlü olarak yürütülmüştür. Yarı kurak iklim koşullarında ekmeklik buğday çeşitlerinin tane verimi ile bazı verim unsurları ve kalite özelliklerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Denemede tane verimi, verim unsurları (bitki boyu, hektolitre ve bindane) ve bazı kalite özellikleri (protein oranı, yaş gluten, kuru gluten oranı ve sedimantasyon miktarı) incelenmiştir. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre; tane veriminin; 293.0-666.0 kg/da, bitki boyunun; 80.14-110.00 cm, hektolitre ağırlığının; 69.70-82.18 kg/hL, bindane ağırlığının; 23.73-45.08 gr, protein oranının; % 12.97-16.00, yaş gluten oranının; % 28.33-43.47, kuru gluten oranının; % 9.93-16.23, sedimentasyon miktarının; 24.00-48.33 ml arasında değiştiği belirlenmiştir. Denemenin birinci yılına göre; ikinci yılında yaklaşık 1000 mm yağan yağış ve buna bağlı düşük sıcaklıklardan dolayı tane verimi, verim komponentleri ve kalite değerlerinin azaldığı görülmüştür. Yapılan biplot analizinde, hem tane verimi ile verim komponentleri'nin hem de kalite özelliklerinin birbirleri ile yüksek pozitif ilişkilere sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir. Her özellik bakımından yüksek stabiliteye sahip çeşitler tespit edilmiştir. Tane verimi bakımından Pamukova-97, Kaşifbey, Adana-99, PANDA`S ve Gökkan çeşitlerin stabil ve kabul edilir sınırlarda kalite özelliklerine sahip olduğu saptanmıştır.

Barley is a cereal used extensively in animal nutrition in the world. Nowadays, Organic practices have an important place in healthy nutrition of people and animals and protection of agricultural lands. This study was conducted to determine the effect of organic applications such as organic liquid nitrogen and barn manure on yield and quality values of barley during 2018-2019 and 2019-2020 growing seasons according to the randomized complete block design with split plot arrangements. This two-year study inferred the impact of organic liquid nitrogen fertilizer application at different growth stages on growth and productivity of barley. Organic liquid nitrogen fertilizer was applied at different phenological periods (control, tillering, beginning of booting, end of booting and heading) of spring barley varieties, Akhisar and Samyeli. Parameters such as Plant height (cm), number of heading (number m-2), hectoliter weight (kg hl-1), 1000 grain weight (g), grain yield (kg ha-1), chlorophyll content (SPAD values) and protein ratio (%) were determined in the study. All parameters investigated were significantly different (P≤0.01) between the years. Compared to the first year, higher temperature and drier weather conditions during the second year increased protein ratio in seed, while decreased starch ratio; thus, yield and yield components were lower. Yield and yield parameters of barley varieties had a negative correlation between protein ratios, while had a positive correlation with chlorophyll content. The results concluded organic liquid nitrogen application at the end of booting phenological period of Akhisar variety resulted in higher yield and improved the related traits. It has been concluded that the organic liquid fertilizer to be applied in this phenological period will increase both yield and quality in barley plants. Another result of this study was that as a result of organic applications, the yield and quality levels obtained from barley was close to conventional agriculture.

This research was carried out to determine the effect of seed sown per m 2 on grain yield and some yield components (number of spikes per m 2 , plant height, spike length, number of grains per spike, grain weight per spike) to combat the drought experienced in Turkey and many parts of the world due to global warming. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with 3 replications using durum wheat (Burgos) as plant material under farmer conditions in Bozova district of Şanlıurfa province in the 2018-2019 growing season. The results showed that grain yield was between 634.17 kg da -1 (650 seeds/m 2 ) and 591.5 kg da -1 (850 seeds/m 2 ), number of spikes per m 2 436.67 pieces/spike (650-750 seeds/m 2 ) and 436.0 pieces/spike (850 seed/m 2 ), plant height between 88.77 cm (750 seed/m 2 ) and 83.23 cm (450 seed/m 2 ), spike length was between 8.0 cm (450 seed/m 2 ) and 6.7 cm (850 seed/m 2 ), number of grain per spike was between 44.36 seed/spike (450 seeds/m 2 ) and 37.21 seed/spike (850 seeds/m 2 ), and grain weight per spike was between 1.84 gr (450 seeds/m 2 ) and 1.665 gr (850 seed/m 2 ). The grain yield and yield components in both years increased until the optimum sowing density and then decreased.