No abstract

The cellulose‐based polysaccharide edible film enriched with pomegranate seed oil was characterized and used for the coating of strawberries to determine the effects on their quality over shelf life. Edible bioactive films were prepared with carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) which contained different concentrations (0.1, 1, 2, and 3%) of pomegranate seed oil (PSO). It was found that the opacity and roughness of films increased with the increasing concentration of PSO. The FTIR spectra results with a lower transmittance of the –OH stretching band at around 3350 cm−1, showed that the hydrophobic nature of the films increased where the moisture absorption of the bioactive films decreased with the addition of pomegranate seed oil. The weight loss of the coated strawberries decreased 35% less than the control at the end of the 16 d of storage period at 5 ± 1°C. The total phenolic content of the strawberries was preserved with the coating process at the level of 70%. Pomegranate seed oil‐enriched CMC edible coatings showed promise as a tool for quality maintenance of strawberries. Practical applications Edible films and coatings are bio‐based, environmentally friendly technologies that have the potential to extend the shelf life of fruits and vegetables, reduce microbial spoilage, and preserve their unique flavor. CMC is a colorless, tasteless, non‐toxic, non‐allergenic, and odorless anionic polysaccharide and is widely used as an edible coating material. Strawberries, which are potential raw materials for edible coating applications, have a very short shelf life. Various applications such as cold storage, chemical preservatives, and modified environmental packaging have been developed to preserve the quality of strawberry fruit and extend its shelf life. However, many of these uses have a detrimental effect on aroma, color, texture, or flavor. For this reason, the use of CMC is an alternative to increase the shelf life of strawberries and to preserve their quality properties during storage. In addition, the use of various essential oils will increase the effectiveness of the application.

Selüloz nanokristalleri 5-70 nm çapında, 100 nm ile birkaç mikrometre boyutunda, kristallik derecesi yüksek, çubuk şeklinde parçacıklar olup, lignoselülozik hammadde kaynaklarından elde edilmektedir. Son yıllarda selüloz nanokristallerinin eldesinde, tarım ürünlerinin işlenmesi sırasında ortaya çıkan kök, sap, saman, yaprak ve kabuk vb. atıkların lignoselülozik hammadde kaynağı olarak kullanımının ekonomik ve çevresel nedenlerden dolayı hız kazandığı görülmektedir. Mısır koçanı, şeker kamışı küspesi, pirinç ve buğday samanı vb. tarımsal atıklardan selüloz nanokristallerinin eldesi; (i) ön işlemler-yıkama, öğütme (ii) saflaştırma (hemiselüloz ve ligninin uzaklaştırılması) ve saf selüloz liflerinin eldesi, (iii) kimyasallarla muamele-asit hidrolizi olmak üzere üç temel adımda gerçekleştirilmektedir. Selüloz nanokristallerin karakteristik özelliklerinin elde edildiği bitkinin türüne, ekstraksiyon koşullarına bağlı olarak değiştiği bilinmektedir. Selüloz nanokristalleri kompozit malzemelerin üretiminde sentetik takviye ajanlarına alternatif, malzemenin mekaniksel ve bariyer özelliklerinin geliştirilmesine katkı sağlayan, doğada kendiliğinden bozunan, yenilenebilir bir malzemedir. Bu nedenle gıda ambalaj sektörü, otomotiv ve ilaçbilim başta olmak üzere, endüstrinin birçok dalındaki uygulamalar için sürdürülebilir ve çevre dostu bir malzeme olarak hizmet eder. Bu makalede; tarımsal ürünlerden selüloz nanokristallerinin eldesi, hammadde kaynağının karakterizasyon özelliklerine etkisi ve uygulamalarının incelendiği çalışmalar incelenmiştir.

No abstract

The use of biocomposite packaging materials is nowadays considered as an important issue for overcoming the environmental problems caused by plastic-based packaging materials that is produced from fossil fuels which take centuries to degrade in nature. Biocomposite materials are made up of two components, a polymer matrix and a natural organic reinforcing agent/filling material. In the production of biocomposites, the use of low-cost and widely available waste materials have advantages such as increasing biodegradability and a reduction in weight of the more expensive materials. The pomace resulting from the large quantities of peel, seed, stalks, etc. produced as waste by the fruit juice processing sector, and the polysaccharides such as starch, pectin, cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin derived from this pomace, has the potential to be used as reinforcing agent and/or filling material in the development of biocomposite packaging materials with 10-50% (w/w) addition. In this review, (i) extraction of some of the biopolymers such as pectin and cellulose from the fruit juice processing waste, (ii) production of biocomposite food packaging materials, and (iii) investigation of the effects of reinforcing agents obtained from the fruit juice processing waste on the mechanical, barrier and biodegradation properties of biocomposite materials were summarized.