Background: Varicocele is a status of abnormal dilatation and sinuosity of the pampiniform plexus that leading to a decrease in the volume of the impacted testicle. Approximately 15-20% and 35% of healthy adult males and men with primary infertility are affected respectively. It was considered as one of the surgically correctible causes of male infertility. Objectives: The objective of the current study was to investigate the correlation of testicular volume and semen parameter with varicocele grades in patients with varicocele attending the

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common renal tumor and participates in about 80-85% of primary renal tumors. It is usually diagnosed incidentally during the evaluation for other medical problems; or it may be presented with gross hematuria, loin mass or pain. However, it infrequently presents as a paraneoplastic syndrome (PNS) which includes, hypertension, hypercalcemia, and abnormal liver function. A 75-year-old gentleman presented with an incidental left renal mass following the evaluation of the left loin pain with headache and dizziness. The patient had a history of hypertension for 10 years on control medical therapy and no history of smoking or chronic obstructive airway disease. The complete blood picture was showed a marked elevation in hemoglobin 21.7 g/dl and hematocrit level 65%. Ultrasound was showed left renal mass and a computerized tomography scan was showed the enhancement in the left renal mass picture suggestive of RCC. After phlebotomy of 2 units of blood, the patient underwent radical nephrectomy, then the histopathology was reported clear cell type RCC Fuhrman nuclear grading system II. At 2 months following surgery, the patient's hemoglobin level and hematocrit were returned to normal. The pathogenesis of PNS may be due to an abnormal immune system response to a cancerous cell. There is a wide range of the PNS concerning RCC including non-specific constitutional features for example; cachexia, weight loss, and fever, and specific metabolic and biochemical disorders (i.e. hypercalcemia, non-metastatic hepatic dysfunction, amyloidosis, etc.). PNS is often unrecognized but polycythemia should be considered important biomarkers in RCC, therefore, it can be used as a tumor marker in the diagnosis and follow-up of the patient after surgery.