Diversity is a symbol of life everywhere including educational settings. The present study was aimed to find out the benefits and challenges for inclusion of diversity in higher education. It was a qualitative study, and document analysis was used as method of inquiry .The population comprises selected documents related to cultural diversity in higher education. Theoretical sampling was used as sampling method. It was found that there were many advantages of diversity including students satisfaction and inter and intra-cultural acceptance. It was also found that the biggest challenge for diversity its acceptance. The biggest challenges are its acceptance and taking it as a burden. It was recommended that there is a need for acceptance of Diversity at all levels and inclusion of multicultural education in teacher education program.

Early childhood learning holds a great impact on children satisfaction, intensification, growth and core of education in this interval of life. In child development at early stage lot of activities related to family culture influencing growth and development. Learning throughout life is directly connected with these sorts of activities. In these activities culture base routine is most important for early years. In this age children have strong observational skills with their photo memory. The study was aimed to analyze cultural diversity among young learners, to recognize cultural differences in early childhood instructions and practices, to discover out social likenesses in early learning. It was quantitative research and descriptive research technique was used in this study. Institutions regarding preschool education were taken as population of research. Data was collected through multistage sampling technique. Data were analyzed through statistical techniques t test and one-way ANOVA. Equal cultural diversity was concluded in both male and female early childhood learners. The analysis illustrated that instructive framework; academic capabilities of instructors, preschool learner’s cultural background, teacher’s emolument, cultural region, economical background contribute to cultural similarities and differences. The researcher recommends considering cultural diversity as basic perceptive of the teaching learning process.

Knowledge management is defined as the process of developing, validating, presenting, sharing, and implementing knowledge. Knowledge management (KM) is a strategy for aiding organisations in identifying, choosing, organising, and disseminating the knowledge and skills necessary for tasks including strategic planning, dynamic learning, problem solving, and decision making. Educational institutions played a significant role in the development, management, and dissemination of information and knowledge among higher education institutions. The study's objectives were to learn about (1) faculty perspectives of existing knowledge management approaches, (2) the advantages of knowledge management practises, and (3) the current hurdles to adopting knowledge management practises effectively inPakistani universities. Participants in the study were all PhD supervisors who had been approved by all public and private institutions in Pakistan. During the interview process, researcher spoke with a total of 15 PhD supervisors. As a basis for qualitative data analysis, grounded theory was employed. Research revealed that Pakistani institutions have a poor understanding of knowledge management. However, despite the fact that universities in Pakistan were well aware of the benefits of knowledge management methods, they did not make any attempts to adopt them. Knowledge management approaches in Pakistan are afflicted by difficulties related to perspectives and ICTs due to a dearth of frameworks, coordination points, and budgetary concerns in the country's institutions. The findings indicated that knowledge management approaches are required in Pakistani universities. It was concluded in this research that knowledge management practices have not been completely included into the planned agendas of most institutions Knowledge management strategies, plans, and policy guidelines are recommended by the study for universities to create