Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic human autoimmune disease, which is characterized by increased activity of B cells and production of antibodies against tissue antigens. It engages many tissues and organs, including joints, kidneys, heart, and the nervous system. Although the exact pathogenesis of SLE remains to be elucidated, it is suggested that genetic background plays a paramount role in SLE etiology. Increasing evidence is indicating an important role for interleukins in progression of SLE. Interleukins are a group of cytokines secreted by T helper cells, monocytes, macrophages, and B cells, which are involved in growth and differentiation of T and B cells. The expression level of interleukins is influenced greatly by genetic composition. Therefore, some polymorphisms can control the expression of interleukins. Consequently, genetic studies can shed light on our understanding of SLE nature. Therefore, in the present study, the researchers reviewed the roles of eight key interleukin polymorphisms and their effects on SLE pathogenic.

Background: Herbal extracts have recently received the greatest attention in the path of finding naturally occurring chemicals with antibacterial and therapeutic value; however, each type of herbal remedy may have its own side effects. Objectives:The aim of the current experiment was to study the antibacterial effect of myrtle, parsley, mint, henna and chamomile extracts on Escherichia coli and their effects on colony formation and survival of spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs). Materials and Methods: Spermatogonial stem cells were isolated by two-time enzymatic digestion from slaughterhouse origin ovine testis and plant extraction by deionized water. Comparisons between different treatments were performed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Duncan's multiple range tests. Results:The results showed that there was no significant difference between mint, henna and penicillin, on inhibition of Escherichia coli growth, however parsley, myrtle and chamomile were significantly different from penicillin (P < 0.05). The formation of SSC colonies was not affected by different herbal medicines. Myrtle and chamomile resulted in death of SSC colonies compared with the control, and the survival of spermatogonial and Sertoli cells were significantly affected by myrtle, mint, chamomile and parsley (P < 0.05). Conclusions:The results of these experiments provide evidence that henna by antibacterial activity had no detrimental affect on SSC and Sertoli cells and is a good candidate for substitution of antibiotics.