<p><strong>Background: </strong>Chronic otitis media of squamosal type is inflammation of the middle ear cleft presenting with recurrent ear discharge through a tympanic membrane perforation. The disease spectrum ranges from mild to severe forms of complications. The aim is to find the incidence of complications of unsafe CSOM, its management and the demographic profile associated with it.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This hospital-based observational study was carried out on 25 patients admitted in the ENT department of a tertiary care centre during a period of 1 year. Diagnosis was made by taking a thorough history, clinical, audiological and radiological investigations. The data collected were tabulated in Microsoft excel worksheet and the variables were summarized as percentages and proportions.<strong></strong></p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of 25 patients, 9 patients had complications and the most common extracranial and intracranial complications were mastoid abscess and brain abscess respectively. Complications were more common in the age group of 11-20 years. In all the patients, multiple intravenous antibiotics were given covering gram positive, gram negative and anaerobic organisms. The intracranial complications were managed by neurosurgery or neurology followed by mastoidectomy to eradicate the disease at source.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Significant decrease has been seen in the incidence of complications and mortality due to availability of newer and effective antibiotics along with early diagnosis and intervention. However, they are still prevalent among the lower socio-economic strata, poor hygiene and overcrowding communities. This study was aimed at creating awareness among the population to avail medical treatment at the earliest possible to avoid complications.</p>

<p><strong>Background: </strong>Salivary gland tumours constitute 3-4% of all head and neck cancers (mostly benign). These tumours are epithelial (95%) or mesenchymal in origin. Pleomorphic adenoma is the most common benign salivary gland tumour and mucoepidermoid carcinoma (45%) is the most common malignant salivary gland tumour followed by adenoid cystic carcinoma (30%). The parotid, submandibular and the minor salivary glands of palate are commonly involved and the sublingual gland is rarely affected.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Hospital based cross sectional study was done in a tertiary care centre during a period of 1 year, which included 21 patients (10 men and 11 women). Patients were analysed according to age, gender, food habits, histopathological type and site of the tumour and treatment strategy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All the cases were from upper Assam province sharing a particular demographic pattern between 19-65 years. Peak incidence in males was fourth decade and females was third decade. Male female ratio was 0.9:1. Out of 21 cases, 14 were parotid gland tumours, 6 submandibular gland tumours and 1 minor salivary gland tumour. Most of the tumours were benign (16) and 5 were malignant.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Two patients were of age 19 years which is conflicting the normal national incidence. All cases belonged to lower economic strata with decreased intake of beta carotene enriched food items. The most common site is parotid gland and most common tumour is pleomorphic adenoma which is in accordance to other studies. Benign cases were subjected to superficial parotidectomy and malignant cases to total parotidectomy with neck dissection.</p>

<p>Epidermoid cysts are developmental malformations which are soft, mobile and slow-growing masses and they are unattached to the overlying skin. The most common cervical location of these cysts is the floor of the mouth without any gender predilection. The following report presents a case on epidermoid cyst and its management and a discussion on various differential diagnoses. This report presents a case with a painless swelling over the floor of mouth with dysphagia, dysarthria and orthopnea. Thorough history and examination of the swelling was done. Preoperative assessment was made with CT imaging. Complete surgical excision of the mass was done via intraoral approach under general anaesthesia with an uneventful recovery period. Swellings over the floor of mouth can be congenital, infectious, inflammatory or tumours. Preoperative evaluation can be done by taking thorough history, examination and radiological imaging. Surgical excision is the treatment of choice for epidermoid cysts with approach based on its relation with the mylohyoid muscle.</p>

Background: Otitis media is infection of the middle ear cleft, which comprises acute and chronic otitis media and otitis media with effusion. Acute otitis media (AOM) is the second most prevalent pediatric emergency. Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study was to assess the epidemiology and clinical manifestations of AOM cases reported to the ENT OPD. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted in a tertiary care center of Assam from January 2021 to December 2022. A total of 840 patients from a wide range of socioeconomic strata were included in the study who belong to Upper Assam, parts of Arunachal Pradesh and Nagaland region. Results: Majority (25.8%) of the patients were below the age of 10 years. The age group of 31–40 years (25.2%) was next in line. In the age range of 71–80 years, the least number of patients (0.3%) were observed. The majority (53.09%) of the patients were from Dibrugarh district of Assam. Conclusion: This study has brought to light the prevalence of AOM in this region and the need for the health department to raise public understanding of the significance of a healthy lifestyle in the prevention of AOM, early diagnosis, and treatment.

Introduction: Chronic otitis media is inflammation of the middle ear cleft presenting with recurrent ear discharge through a tympanic membrane perforation. The disease spectrum ranges from mild to severe forms of complications. Complications of chronic otitis media can be extracranial or intracranial. Aim: To evaluate the demographic profile of patients with chronic otitis media and to estimate the incidence of complications in upper Assam province during a period of 5 year. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was carried out on a total of 260 patients of chronic otitis media admitted in Ear, Nose and Throat Department, Assam Medical College and Hospital, Dibrugarh, Assam, India, during a period of 5 years from August 2016 to July 2021. The data collected were tabulated in Microsoft Excel Worksheet. The categorical variables were summarised as proportions and percentages. Results: From the records, majority (31.2%) of the cases were found in the age group of 11-20 years with a male to female ratio of 1.13. The disease was more common during the winter season (56.5%). A 13.5% cases showed complications of chronic otitis media. Mastoiditis was the most common extracranial complication (31.4%) , followed by periosteal abscesses (22.9%), facial nerve paralysis (11.4%) and labyrinthitis (5.7%). Conclusion: The early identification of symptoms by rural healthcare personnels and immediate management of unsafe chronic otitis media, to avoid complications.