No abstract

The application of limited access approaches in cardiac surgery is widely accepted at present. We routinely perform minimally invasive cardiac surgeries at our institution. In this study, we review our experience of minimally access cardiac surgeries performed between March 2018 to October 2019 using standard instruments. 12 patients underwent AVR through upper ministernotomy, 7 patients underwent Atrial septal defect repair, 9 patients underwent Mitral valve replacement, 1 patient underwent Left atrial Myxoma excision, 3 patients underwent Coronary artery bypass graft through a thoracotomy approach and 1 patient had a pacemaker placement through a limited access approach by a subxiphisternal incision. The mean cardiopulmonary bypass time is 98.48 min, the mean cross clamp time was 60.0130 minutes and the mean overall hospital stay was 4.9 days.

This is a study on the epidemiological profile of facial trauma in patients who visited Father Muller Hospital, Thumbay over a period of 16 months from May 2013 to September 2014. It is a descriptive study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All patients with facial trauma who visited Father Muller Hospital, Thumbay during this specified time period were included in this study. Their records were analyzed retrospectively and the results are expressed in percentage and proportion. RESULTS: 75% of the subjects were male and 25% were female. This ratio of males to females, 3:1, is similar to previous reported ratios of 3:1 to 5.4:1. 1-3 Majority of the patients belong to the age group between 20-40 years (56.6%). Results of studies done previously are consistent with this finding. [3][4][5][6] In this study, most of the injuries are attributed to road traffic accidents (RTA) (47.1%) which is similar to the findings of other researches. 7,8 Falls were responsible for 42.6% of the cases and assault was responsible for 7.4% of the facial injuries. Lacerations of less than 3 cm were the most common type of injuries noted in all areas of the face. As far as the location is concerned, 47.8% of the injuries were at Bantwal, 23.5% at BC road and 19.9% at Thumbe. It was noted that 11 patients were under the influence of alcohol (8.1%) and all 11 were victims of RTA. All the injuries belonged to the minor severity category. CONCLUSION: Hence, it can be concluded that most of the patients who sustained facial trauma were men, majority of the subjects were between the age group of 20-40 years and the most common etiological factor noted was road traffic accidents. All the injuries recorded were minor in severity. Future studies on this topic should focus on prevention of injuries in this age group and stringent measures to curtail the increasing incidence of road traffic accidents should be implemented.

Aortic stenosis tends to pose a challenge to the surgeon when it is associated with a small size annulus. The conundrum as to whether to use a small prosthesis with a borderline effective orifice are index(EOAI) or go for a technically challenging root enlargement procedure in these cases remains. Various such techniques have been described by Kono and associates, Otaki, Nicks and colleagues, Manouguian & Seybold-Epting, and Nunez and associates. In this paper, we describe our experience with the bidirectional enlargement technique described by Yamaguchi and Otaki