Disable children have been found in every society and they require special attention of their parents in the society. In Pakistan, traditional family system is working in rural areas where mother is responsible for child care. During this process, when mother brings up a disabled child faces multiple socio-economic problems. Present study was conducted in District Faisalabad (Punjab). For this purpose to special education centers were visitedMultistage sampling technique was used for the selection of respondents for the present study.at first stage two special education centers were selected conveniently where mothers of disabled children were available during parents meeting day. At second stage, 120 respondents (rural mothers) were selected through simple random sampling technique. A structured interview schedule was used for collection of data. After statistical analysis of the data, results revealed that mothers of the disabled children were facing multiple problems in different spheres of life.

Purpose of the study: The major purpose of this study was to enhance food security by reducing wheat losses. Methodology: A mixed-method research was used for data collection. Six focus group discussions and six key-informant interviews were conducted to cover qualitative aspects while 400 face-to-face interviews were conducted. The study was conducted in three randomly selected districts of Punjab. Six tehsils, two from each district were further selected randomly. From each selected tehsils, four hundred farming households were selected through a proportionate sampling technique, and data were collected through an interview schedule. : For the qualitative aspect thematic analysis was used to analyze data. The quantitative data were analyzed through the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) Main Findings: The result of the present study shows that majority of respondents having old age were doing wheat post-harvest activities and they have only a primary level of education. The farmers who have access to extension services had less level of losses rather than others.   Qualitative results show that the farmers who are trained with techniques to manage post-harvest activities have fewer losses as compare to the farmers who are not trained. Applications of this study: It is concluded that hurdles regarding canal water, marketing, transportation, and practices of traditional methods for wheat storage lead to post-harvest losses as well. It is a sheer need of time to train the people (involved in postharvest management activities) to reduce the postharvest losses according to their needs.

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The family is a particularly an important institution and the basic building block of any society, which performs the important functions of socializing the young and meet the emotional needs of their members. A stable family supports the social order and economic stability. Over the time, series of changes have been introduced in the functions of the family. Many internal and external forces have taken action against the family, producing a fundamental change in family functions. Therefore, the current study helps to evaluate the effects of modern media on family function in the Punjab, Pakistan. This research is based on a quantitative methodology. A sample of 672 respondents was selected from three selected districts namely Sheikhupura, Chakwal and Khanewal of Punjab province. Multistage sampling technique was used for data collection. The data was collected with the help of a well-structured interview schedule. The findings obtained from collected data revealed that modern media has negative effects for family functions by decreasing the intensity and duration of interaction among family members. Modern media has also affected family gatherings, and play a vital role in breaking old family traditions and change the socializing patterns, norms and values of society. Keywords: Modern media, Family functions, Implication, Social isolation, Socialization.

Entrepreneurship is an engine for the economic growth of any country. Now rural people are focusing more on livestock and value-added products as compared to conventional crops. In Pakistan, livestock is a source of security and opportunity for employment and net cash for rural women. This study investigates the motivational factors affecting rural women to start up new ventures in the livestock sector. In this study, the triangulation approach was used for data collection. A multi-stage sampling technique was used for the collection of quantitative data from three districts of Punjab Pakistan through a structured interview schedule. A total of 396 women respondents were selected by using a simple random sampling technique. Study results revealed that women entrepreneurs faced many hurdles such as lack of training, credit, access to resources, freedom of mobility, and lack of decision-making power. Bivariate analysis showed that age, education, income, family support, livestock management training, micro-credit, participation in decision-making played a key role in women’s entrepreneurship. Adequate training must be given to women entrepreneurs at the farm level, and guidance at all stages can be effective ways to cope with the problems of women entrepreneurs that hinder success in entrepreneurship. Keywords: Women, livestock, Entrepreneurship, startup venture, Punjab, Pakistan