From last two decades, coronaviruses have led to three major outbreaks that started from 2002 with SARS-CoV, then MERS-CoV in 2012 and currently SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19). There is limited data regarding the demographics and clinical features of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children. This information is especially important as pneumonia is the single leading cause of death in children worldwide. This Systematic Review aims to elucidate a better understanding of the epidemiologic, clinical and diagnostic findings, treatment and prevention options as well as global impact of COVID- 19 on the pediatric population with a focus on status in Bangladesh. Cardiovasc. j. 2020; 13(1): 62-74

Pulmonary atresia (PA) with intact ventricular septum is a rare, heterogeneous congenital heart defect with varying degrees of right ventricular and tricuspid valve hypoplasia and wide spectrum clinical features. Initial treatment at presentation is to establish systemic to pulmonary shunt or ductus stenting. The treatment options i.e. biventricular, one and half ventricular or one ventricular repair are often dictated by the degree of development of the tricuspid valve and right ventricle. X, 11 years old teenage girl got admitted to Combined Military Hospital (CMH) Dhaka at 5 months of age with severe cyanosis, respiratory distress, acidosis and shock. After immediate stabilization and work up, she was diagnosed as pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum, flapped atrial septal defect (ASD) and a small patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). On urgent basis, stenting of PDA done with 3.5 X 11 mm coronary stent at cardiac catheterization laboratory. Her SPO2 stepped up to 90 % from base line SPO2 from 50% following procedure. At 15 months of age she underwent intracardiac repair with short trans annular patch and ASD left open as a vent for RV. On follow up her ASD was getting larger and became desaturated and symptomatic. She was followed up for the right ventricular (RV) and tricuspid valve growth and ASD shunt. As her RV was developing nicely during follow up and achieved TV z score –1, ASD device closure was done with 18 mm Amplatzer ASD device at 5 years of age. She is now asymptomatic and thriving well. Cardiovasc. j. 2020; 13(1): 81-85

Introduction: In Bangladesh, 25/1000 cases of neonates are born with mild to severe type of congenital heart disease. Significant numbers of cases from new born to adult age group are reporting to OPD clinics with broad spectrum of congenital and grown up untreated heart diseases. This study will cover pattern of diseases among cases selected for cardiac catheterization and intervention in study group in a cardiac hospital with limited facility for children. Objectives: To analyze all the cases who had cardiac catheterization and intervention in said period and to see the outcome. Materials and Methods: It is a retrospective study conducted in a cardiac hospital from December 2014 to December 2019. All cases of cardiac catheterization and interventions were included in the study. Pattern of diseases, interventions, management and outcomes were analyzed. Results: Out of 1179 cases, 44.87% were male and 55.13% were female. Two hundred fifty four cases(21.54%) were in 0-1 year age group, 44.02% were in >01-05 year age group, 18.66% cases were in > 5 to 10 year , 8.48% cases were in >10 to 20 years, 4.83% cases were in> 20 to 30 years and 2.46% cases were in more than 30 year age group. Among trans-catheter closure patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) was the commonest type of intervention (44.68%), followed by atrial septal defect (ASD) (25.20%), ventricular septal defect (VSD) (11.83%) and balloon valvoplasty (BVP) for pulmonary stenosis (11.63%). Neonatal interventions were minimum as the coronary care unit used as post cathward had limited facility for neonatal care. PDA stenting was performed in 0.81% cases and BAS in 0.91% cases. Many patients underwent more than one intervention at a time; most common was ASD device closure and pulmonary valvoplasty. Cardiac Catheterization studies were minimum in this series and most of the cath study cases were VSD or/with other combinations (4.48%). Among infants (254), PDA device closure was the commonest intervention (64.56%) followed balloon valvoplasty for PS (15.35%) and balloon dilation of Coarctation on aorta (7.87%). Among implants, most commonly used were 8/6 mm (14.59%) Amplatzer Duct occluder (ADO), 6/4 ADOII, MF-Konar (9.79%) device and most common balloon used for valve or vessel dilation was 10x3 mm Tyshak II (3.26%). Only one mortality was noticed in a case of double intervention of critical Aortic and pulmonary valve stenosis. Conclusion: Commonest and established interventions were performed in this study other than few life saving interventions in neonates and outcome was excellent. Skilled team of pediatric cardiologist and technician in catheterization laboratory can bring success at the end of the day in spite of challenges. Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.15 (1) 2019: 3-9

Isolated patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is seen in approximately 1 in 2000 full-term life birth neonate. Transcatheter device closure is widely considered as the treatment of choice for the patient diagnosed with PDA considering the safety, efficacy and less invasiveness. Residual flow following transcatheter device closure of PDA can result in haemolysis. Our patient was a case of 9.5 years old female child weighing13 kg diagnosed as a case of large tubular PDA with severe pulmonary hypertension by echocardiography. The patient had history of recurrent chest infection, breathlessness on exertion, and growth failure. The PDA was closed by transcatheter approach using Cera-duct occluder. The patient subsequently developed hemolysis which started 18 hrs after the intervention and the resolution of hemolysis achieved by conservative management within 72 hours. JAFMC Bangladesh. Vol 16, No 2 (December) 2020: 90-92

Introduction: The objectives of the present study are to describe the institutional experience, technical aspects and outcome of right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) stenting in Tetralogy of Fallot type lesions as the initial palliation in a Bangladeshi centre. Methods: This is a retrospective, single-center study of nonrandomized, consecutive 32 patients over a 12-year period. Selected patients underwent cardiac catheterization for implanting a stent into an obstructed RVOT to improve pulmonary blood flow.Statistical data analysis was performed using SPSS 20. Results: Thirty cases had stenting in RVOT and two cases were postponed. Median age was 8.1 (3-40) months, median weight was 4.8 (3.3-11.4)kg, median procedure time was 65 (26-210) minutes and fluoroscopy time was 16 (10-75) minutes.Stents were implanted through 5F Judkins coronary guide catheter and 5F or 6F delivery sheath of ADOII device. Median stent diameter was 6 (4-7) mm. Stent length varies from 12-22 mm with median 14 mm. Oxygen saturation of the patients increased from median 60 (30 - 75)% to 91 (85-98)%. In one patient stent was embolized to aorta and was fixed to descending aorta. Two cases were postponed for short infundibular length. One patient died from non cardiac cause two months after palliation. No procedure related mortality recorded. Conclusion: Right ventricular outflow tract stenting is a good option of palliation for small babies with reduced pulmonary blood flow. In our setting we did most of the palliation to offer better quality of life who could not afford surgery or who was detected late. Bangladesh Heart Journal 2020; 35(1) : 1-5