Screening of HCWs with two-step TST for LTBI is simple and safe, and hence suitable for wide scale implementation in high-burden settings such as India.

No abstract

An 83-year-old male presented with dyspnoea and stridor. He had undergone pneumonectomy 40 years ago. CT scan revealed gross shift of mediastinum (post-pneumonectomy syndrome) with tortuous trachea kinked at the thoracic inlet. Fibre optic bronchoscopy showed a near total expiratory closure of trachea, right main bronchus, and segmental bronchi confirming tracheobronchomalacia. He was managed with long length, low tracheostomy in view of his poor general condition of permitting more invasive procedures. He showed adequate clinical improvement and was discharged home. Tracheobronchomalacia in post-pneumonectomy syndrome requires emergent management. Its occurrence after 40 years is very rare and may be easily missed. It can be diagnosed with dynamic CT and FOB. Although invasive management with stenting or surgical methods is routinely advised, conservative care can be effective in selected cases.

No abstract

Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations are caused by abnormal communications between pulmonary arteries and pulmonary veins, which are most commonly congenital in nature. Although these lesions are quite uncommon, they are an important part of the differential diagnosis of common pulmonary problems such as hypoxemia and pulmonary nodules. 1 We report the case of a middle aged lady with subacute onset of mild breathlessness and cough, who was found to be cyanotic, severely hypoxic and hypoxemic on investigation. Thorough workup revealed solitary large pulmonary arteriovenous malformation, without involvement of any other symptoms or family history. She underwent embolo-therapy and had relief of symptoms. This case underlines a rare cause of a very common symptom like dyspnoea, and reiterates the need for thorough investigation and workup.