Small system collectivity observed at the LHC energies along with enhancement of strangeness makes high-multiplicity proton + proton (pp) collisions very interesting in order to look for QGP-like features, usually found in heavy-ion collisions. It may be interesting to perform a double differential study of different observables in pp collisions in terms of charged particle multiplicity and event shape in order to understand the new dimensions in high-multiplicity pp physics. We study the correlation between the number of multi-partonic interactions (nMPI), event shape (transverse spherocity) and charged particle multiplicity classes. For the first time, we report the simulation results on the spherocity and charged particle multiplicity dependent study of (π + + π −), (K+ + K−), (p + p ¯ ), K∗0, ϕ and ( Λ + Λ 0 ¯ ) production in pp collisions at s = 13 TeV using PYTHIA8. We explore the event shape and charged particle multiplicity dependence of the transverse momentum (p T) spectra, integrated yield, mean transverse momentum (⟨p T⟩) and particle ratios of the identified particles. This study provides a baseline for exploring the event topology and final state multiplicity dependence of identified particle production in the LHC pp collisions.

Recent observations of QGP-like conditions in high-multiplicity pp collisions from ALICE experiment at the LHC warrant an introspection whether to use pp collisions as a baseline measurement to characterize heavy-ion collisions for the possible formation of a Quark-Gluon Plasma. A double differential study of the particle spectra and thermodynamics of the produced system as a function of charged-particle multiplicity and transverse spherocity in pp collisions would shed light on the underlying event dynamics. Transverse spherocity, one of the event shape observables, allows to separate the events in terms of jetty and isotropic events. We analyse the identified particle transverse momentum ( p T ) spectra as a function of charged-particle multiplicity and transverse spherocity using Tsallis nonextensive statistics and Boltzmann-Gibbs Blast-Wave (BGBW) model in pp collisions at s = 13   TeV using PYTHIA8 event generator. The extracted parameters such as temperature ( T ), radial flow ( β ), and nonextensive parameter ( q ) are shown as a function of charged-particle multiplicity for different spherocity classes. We observe that the isotropic events approach thermal equilibrium while the jetty ones remain far from equilibrium. We argue that, while studying the QGP-like conditions in small systems, one should separate the isotropic events from the spherocity-integrated events, as the production dynamics are different.

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Sequential circuits have the ability to store, retain and then retrieve information when needed at a later time. They act as storage elements and have memory. However, due to ever increasing demand of data rate, already existing electronic signal processing devices have become obsolete due to their large latency. To overcome the existing bottleneck, a 4-bit synchronous up counter using electro-optic effect of Mach-Zehnder interferometer has been proposed. The study is carried out by simulating the proposed device with beam propagation method.