Mycetoma is a chronic, suppurative and debilitating granulomatous infection seen mainly in tropical and subtropical areas and is now declared as a neglected tropical disease by the World Health Organization. The clinical diagnosis is usually characterized by a classical triad of localized swelling, underlying sinus tracts, and production of grains or granules, but unusual presentations are also seen. It is classified into eumycetoma caused by the fungus, and actinomycetoma caused by the bacteria. The clinical presentation of both is almost similar and a definite diagnosis is essential before starting the treatment as it differs for both. Surgical debulking followed by a prolonged course of medical therapy now forms the mainstay of treatment due to the long course of the disease and suboptimal response. This review focuses on the various usual as well as unusual clinical presentations of mycetoma, established treatment regimens as well as recent changes in the mode of administration of drugs and newer drugs for mycetoma.
Griscelli syndrome (GS) is a rare autosomal recessive multisystem disorder of pigmentary dilution of skin, silver gray hair, variable immunodeficiency, neurological impairment, and abnormal accumulation of melanosomes in melanocytes. GS type 3 is characterized by hypomelanosis with no immunological and neurological manifestation. Prognosis is very good in type 3 GS and usually require no active intervention, as opposed to type 1 and 2 where early diagnosis and treatment plays a crucial role in patient's survival. The characteristic phenotypic appearance, especially the pigment dilution of the patient's hair, is emphasized here.
Sweet syndrome is rare in the pediatric population and usually responds well to treatment, resolving without sequelae. Marshall syndrome is a rare pediatric skin disease characterized by loss of elastic tissue (cutis laxa) secondary to acquired, localized neutrophilic dermatitis without any internal organ involvement. Only few cases of Marshall syndrome (acquired cutis laxa type II) have been reported. Systemic steroids and dapsone show excellent results in Sweet syndrome. Although there is no satisfactory treatment for cutis laxa, dapsone can be used in the acute phase for control of swelling.
Introduction: Pregnancy is characterized by altered endocrine, metabolic, and immunologic milieus resulting in multiple cutaneous changes, both physiologic and pathologic. This research was undertaken to study physiological changes of pregnancy and prevalence of various pregnancy specific and non-specific dermatoses.
Methodology: A retrospective study was conducted at the dermatology out-patient department of a tertiary care center in western India and data of 308 pregnant patients presenting with dermatoses, in the age-group of 19-35 years was analyzed. Detailed history, clinical examination and necessary investigations were reviewed.
Results: Among 308 patients, 302(98.05%) presented with physiological skin changes of pregnancy, 118(38.31%) had pregnancy specific and 185(60.06%) had pregnancy non-specific dermatoses. The most common physiological change was pigmentary changes (n=294). Atopic eruption of pregnancy (n=79) was the most common pregnancy specific dermatoses followed by polymorphic eruption of pregnancy (n=38). In non-specific dermatoses, infectious diseases were more common (fungal, n=128; viral, n=25).
Conclusion: Pregnancy non-specific dermatoses were seen more commonly than pregnancy specific dermatoses. Lower socioeconomic strata and overcrowding may be the reasons behind large number of infectious dermatoses that we saw in our study.
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