No abstract

The aim of this narrative review is to discuss the complications of distraction osteogenesis (DO) of facial skeleton and their management. Materials and Method:A detailed literature search was done on PubMed, Google Scholar and Embase from the year 1990 onwards. Any systematic review, randomized controlled trial, controlled clinical trial, retrospective/prospective study discussing about complications of maxillofacial DO and their management were included.Results: Complications related to DO were divided based on phases as (a) planning (patient counselling, improper vector, errors in device selection, etc.), (b) surgery (tooth injury, neurosensory disturbance, incomplete osteotomy, etc.), (c) distraction (device failure, pain at regenerate site, premature consolidation, etc.) and (d) consolidation (infection, hypertrophic scar, relapse, etc.). Conclusion:Widespread applications are possible with DO though it is a devicedependent and technique-sensitive procedure. With proper planning and execution, DO can become the gold standard for managing various maxillofacial disorders.

Rationale: Gorlin–Goltz syndrome (GGS) is an autosomal dominant disorder and is associated with multisystem involvement, multiple cysts, neoplasms and other developmental anomalies. The purpose of the study was to highlight the incidental findings of GGS and to lay emphasis on its early diagnosis. Patient Concerns: Two patients complaining of pain, swelling and at times pus discharge from the oral cavity were reported with a coincidental finding of odontogenic keratocysts and positive family history. Diagnosis: Upon thorough examination, a diagnosis of GGS was made. Treatment: The patients were managed by enucleation and chemical cauterisation using Carnoy’s solution and were maintained on follow-up semi-annually. Outcomes: Both patients showed no signs of recurrence post six months follow-up. Lessons: The role of an oral and maxillofacial surgeon is of utmost importance in the early diagnosis of this syndrome to render good quality of life to these patients.

The objective was to evaluate the efficacy of computerized‐controlled local anaesthesia delivery (CCLAD) system for extraction of maxillary teeth using the anterior middle superior alveolar (AMSA) nerve block technique in comparison to injection with a self‐aspirating syringe. A randomized, controlled trial with a split‐mouth design was conducted where each study sample (n = 17) was part of two groups. In group E (experimental group), AMSA nerve block was given using the CCLAD system and in group C (control group), AMSA nerve block was given using a self‐aspirating syringe for the extraction of orthodontically indicated maxillary premolar with age ranging from 18 to 25 years. The parameters assessed were pain during needle insertion and solution deposition, the profoundness of anaesthesia, the amount of local anaesthetic (LA) used, and the number of additional injections required. There was a statistically significant difference seen for amount of local anaesthetic used (p = 0.03, p < 0.05). Injection with self‐aspirating syringe was superior in terms of amount of LA used in injection with the CCLAD system. There was no relation between CCLAD and self‐aspirating syringe for the remaining criteria.

Odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) has always been a subject of interest for researchers and clinicians, owing to its unique pathogenesis, aggressive clinical behavior and association with syndromes. Majority of OKCs occur in the mandibular posterior region, and sporadic type of cysts have a predilection to occur in males and in patients of older age groups. The present article reports a case of sporadic OKC presenting in a relatively unusual manner, occurring in the maxillary anterior region of a young female patient. Unlike other reported cases that found OKC prior to commencement of orthodontic treatment, herein it had possibly occurred as a complication of the orthodontic treatment. The article also depicts characteristic microscopic features of OKC such as uniform parakeratinized lining with multiple infoldings, basal palisading, areas of interface separation between the lining and capsule. Disrupted lining with severe inflammatory cell infiltrate in the capsule was indicative of secondary infection