The online version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake. There is a misspelling in the title of the manuscript and the word "protoccoleces" should be replaced with "protoscoleces". Thus the correct title of the manuscript is "High scolicidal effect of Zataria multiflora on protoscoleces of hydatid cyst: an in vitro study".In addition, the published Fig. 2 is incorrect, and should be replaced with the image below. Fig. 2 Dead protoscoleces after exposure to Z. multiflora extract and staining with 0.1% eosin The online version of the original article can be found at http://dx.doi.
Ixodes scapularis ticks acquire several pathogens from reservoir animals and transmit them to humans. Development of an animal model to study acquisition and transmission dynamics of these pathogens into and from ticks, respectively, is challenging due to the fact that in nature ticks feed for a longer duration and on multiple vertebrate hosts. To understand the complex nature of pathogen acquisition/transmission, it is essential to set up a successful tick blood feeding method on a suitable vertebrate host. In this study, we provide an evidence that murine model can be successfully used to study acquisition dynamics of Langat virus (LGTV), a member of tick-borne flaviviruses. Mice were inoculated intraperitoneally with LGTV that showed detectable viral loads in murine blood, skin and other tissues including brain. Both larval and nymphal ticks that were allowed to feed on murine host successfully acquired LGTV loads. Also, we found that after molting LGTV was transstadially transmitted from larval to nymphal stage. In addition, we noted that, LGTV down-regulated IsSMase expression in all group of ticks possibly for its survival in its vector host. Taken together, we provide an evidence on the use of murine model to not only study acquisition dynamics of LGTV but also to study changes in tick gene expression during acquisition of arboviruses into ticks.
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