Background Laboratory-based studies on neuromuscular control after concussion and epidemiological studies suggest that concussion may increase the risk of subsequent musculoskeletal injury. Objective The purpose of this study was to determine if athletes have an increased risk of lower extremity musculoskeletal injury after return-to-play from a concussion. Methods Injury data were collected from 2006–2013 for men’s football and women’s basketball, soccer, and lacrosse at a NCAA Division I university. Ninety cases in 73 athletes (52 Male, 21 Female) of in-season concussion with return-to-play at least 30 days prior to the end of the season were identified. A period of up to 90 days of in-season competition following return-to-play was reviewed for time-loss injury. The same period was studied in up to two control athletes who were without a concussion within the prior year and were matched on sport, starting status, and position. Results Lower extremity musculoskeletal injuries occurred at a higher rate in the concussed athletes (45/90 or 50%) compared to the non-concussed athletes (30/148 or 20%) (p < 0.01). The odds of sustaining a musculoskeletal injury were 3.39 times higher in the concussed athletes (95% CI = 1.90, 6.05; p < 0.01). Overall, the number of days lost due to injury was similar between concussed and non-concussed athletes (Median = 9 vs 15, p = 0.41). Conclusions The results of this study demonstrate a relationship between concussion and an increased risk of lower extremity musculoskeletal injury after return to play, and may have implications for current medical practice standards regarding the evaluation and management of concussion injuries.

ASD knowledge deficits contribute to disparities in the timing and quality of ASD services. To address the limitations with existing measures of ASD knowledge, we developed and examined the Autism Stigma and Knowledge Questionnaire (ASK-Q), which comprehensively assesses multiple subdomains of ASD knowledge while maintaining strong psychometric support and cross-cultural utility. ASK-Q items derived from the published research are organized into four subscales: (i) diagnosis, (ii) etiology, (iii) treatment, and (iv) stigma. ASK-Q items were selected based on ratings of face, construct, and cross-cultural validity by a group of 16 international researchers. Using Diagnostic Classification Modeling we confirmed the proposed factor structure and evaluated the statistical validity of each item among a lay sample of 617 participants.

Objective-Cognitive theories state attentional biases contribute to the development and maintenance of depression. Like depressed adults, there is growing evidence for the presence of attentional biases to sad stimuli in depressed youth. Although the direction of this bias among children remains unclear, preliminary evidence indicates attentional avoidance of sad stimuli in children. This is the first known sudy to use eye-tracking to investigate the exact nature of attention biases among depressed children.Method-To assess sustained attention, the current study used eye-tracking and a passive viewing task in which children viewed a series of four facial expressions (angry, happy, sad, neutral) presented simultatiously for 20s on a computer screen. The current study compared the attentional allocation of currently depressed children (n = 19; mean age = 11.21) to a group of never depressed children (n = 22; mean age = 10.82).Results-Consitent with earlier research with children, we found that children with current major or minor depression, compared to children with no history of depression, exhibited attentional avoidance of sad facial stimuil, as well as some evidence for preferential attention to happy faces.Conclusion-This study provides additional evidence that although depressed children demonstrate mood congruent attentional biases like that observed depressed adults, the nature of these biases may reflect attentional avoidance of sad stimuli, rather than preferential attention.