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Vitality is an understudied protective mechanism within the psychotherapy literature. This study explored the impact of vitality on the relationship between a counselor's past traumatic experiences on their compassion fatigue. The sample consisted of 113 licensed counselors from a variety of disciplines (e.g., social workers, professional counselors, and marriage and family therapists) and represented an international sample. Findings showed that vitality is significant as a protective mechanism for the development of compassion fatigue for counselors with a history of trauma. The ego depletion hypothesis is provided as a context to describe this relationship and the role vitality plays. Implications for the practicing clinician are provided within this context.

This study examined the levels of Latino mothers' and fathers' involvement in their school-age children's care and the relationships between parents' socio-economic status (SES) variables, sense of community, community provisions, and marital satisfaction with their involvement in children's routine and demand care. Mothers and fathers from 159 intact Latino families participated in the study. Multivariate analyses revealed that mothers spent significantly more time in providing child care than fathers did. The gender of the child did not make a difference in the amount of time mothers and fathers invested in children's care. Whereas community provisions and marital satisfaction predicted mothers' involvement in routine care, sense of community and community provisions predicted mothers' involvement in demand care. None of the predictors were related to fathers' involvement in routine or demand care. Findings are discussed in light of gender role differences in parental involvement with children within Latino families.

Compassion satisfaction is an understudied phenomenon in the counseling literature. The impact of a clinician's history of trauma on compassion satisfaction and potential protective factors that may enhance feelings of compassion satisfaction is equally understudied. This study aimed to address models of mindfulness as a protective factor for the associations between a clinician's history of trauma and their experience with compassion satisfaction. The sample consisted of licensed clinicians (N ¼ 113) reporting on their past history of trauma, dispositional mindfulness, and compassion satisfaction. Results indicated that mindfulness moderated the association between a clinician's history of trauma and compassion satisfaction. Findings also show mindfulness to be significant in supporting a clinician's experience with compassion satisfaction, overall. Therefore, mindfulness should be further considered as an important safeguard for clinicians to consider in order to continue to enjoy their work. Implications are considered for clinicians, counseling training programs, and agency employers.

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