The research investigated the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites by analyzing the fecal samples of 100 captive-breed exotic birds from 16 species in the Kathmandu Valley. A total of five different parasite types were found in the study, with a 54% prevalence rate. Helminths were less frequent (33%) than protozoan pathogens (37%) in the samples. Five parasitic genera were found during the examination of the feces, including one protozoa (Eimeria species) and four helminths (Ascaridia species, Trichostrongylus species, Strongyloides species, and Codiostomum species), with Ascaridiaspecies showing the highest prevalence rate (23%) of the helminthes parasites. The bulk of infections were single infections, with mixed infections accounting for the minority. To control parasitic infections, effective hygiene and de-worming initiatives were put in place. A re-infection is still a chance, though; because of things like stress and being near other foraging birds that might be carrying parasites.
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