The baseline study was conducted for the evaluation of the floral and faunal biodiversity of the terrestrial as well as aquatic environment of the study area, it comprises of total 5reserved forest and 3 protected forest including Ratapani Wildlife Sanctuary falls Dist.-Raisen, Madhya Pradesh, India. It is strongly recommended to prepare the conservation plan for schedule-1 Fauna (listed 9 animals and 1 bird) and it is ensure to implement the conservation plan during construction and operation phase of railway track. Moreover, there is an urgent need of public awareness for the importance of wildlife, as illegal hunting, killing or capturing of wild animals was recorded from locals living in the forest and nearby villagers.

Persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic chemicals (PBTs) are substances that can build up to levels that can be harmful to human and ecological health. These contaminants may travel long distances in the atmosphere and can move readily from land to air and water. The accumulation of such chemicals in organisms from the surrounding environment through absorption, ingestion and inhalation may cause severe health issues. Dioxin is formed as an unintentional by-product of many industrial processes involving chlorine such as waste incineration, chemical and pesticide manufacturing, treatment of hazardous material and pulp and paper bleaching. The potential for health risks due to the cancer-promoting, immunomodulating and teratogenic activities of dioxins in rodents has raised concerns over their presence in the human food chain. There is an urgent need of taking attention on sources of emission of dioxin and its mitigation measures. In this chapter, the sources, its origin and toxicity assessment of dioxin has been presented along with 3 case studies.

In the past few decades, environmental pollution is a major issue which affects biodiversity public health and eco systems present in worldwide, nowadays, microbial potential are connected to effect the clean-up of environmental pollutants. Conventional methods are focus on the separation, rather than the destruction of contaminants, the use of genetically engineered microorganisms for bioremediation would be an alternative, environmentally friendly, more effectiveness and economical clean-up technique for the remediation of pollutants in present in contaminated sites. A combined strategies relationship between genetic engineered microbes and bioremediation can enhance the effectiveness of contaminants sites. Here, we have elaborated recent work on the investigation and improvement of these microbes using genetic tools and given an outlook of what may be possible in the near future.

In the present study, the authors have elaborated a case study for the biodiversity assessment for Asian Highway 48 (Chainage 84.775 km to 87.690 km) passing through Jaldapara National Park located in Alipurdwar District of West Bengal state of India. The objectives of the study were to assess the biological diversity within the specified area (1.65 km2) to establish the baseline status of floral and faunal species. Here, we have covered flora and fauna for the assessment as well as quantitative study covering frequency, density, dominance, IVI, Shannon Wiener Index, variance, etc. The area is ecologically sensitive as endangered species were observed; animals like elephants used to cross the road very frequently. Therefore, it is strongly recommended to prepare the conservation plan for elephants and other REET species in the Jaldapara National Park to conserve the endangered species in situ.

Environmental degradation has become a major societal issue thanks to uncontrolled anthropogenic activity, besides natural factors. Entry of toxic heavy metals and minerals in human system mainly through contaminated water, food and air, leads to overt and insidious health problems. Heavy metal pollution, a global concern today, can be managed by using bioremediation, an eco-friendly alternative. Bioremediation is one of the most promising technological approaches to the problem of hazardous waste. It is a technology for removing pollution from environment, restoring contaminated site and preventing future pollution. Bioremediation can be performed in situ or ex situ. Microorganisms directly degrade contaminants rather than merely transferring them from one medium to another, employ metabolic degradation pathways and can be used in situ to minimize disturbance of the cleanup site. Hence, microorganisms can be effective, economical and non-disruptive tools for eliminating hazardous chemicals. Its advantage generally outweigh the disadvantage, therefore may be used as management tool.