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Background: The fundamentals in the treatment of acute peritonitis include resuscitation, treatment of septicemia, control of the contaminating source and peritoneal toilet. Numerous studies have shown the roles of different solutions such as normal saline, antibiotics and betadine as intraperitoneal lavage, in reducing morbidity and mortality of peritonitis. The objective of this study was to present our findings on the role of intraperitoneal lavage with normal saline and normal saline followed by super-oxidized solution in patients with acute peritonitis. Materials and Methods: The patients were randomly allotted by slip method into two groups of 50 each. In the control group, after the definitive surgery for the pathology of peritonitis, the peritoneal cavity was lavaged with normal saline and closed after putting drains. In the study group, after the definitive surgery the peritoneal cavity was lavaged with saline followed by 100 ml of superoxidized solution and drains were closed for 1 h after abdominal closure. The patients were followed-up for morbidity and mortality. Results: Surgical site infection (SSI) was present in 27 out of 100 cases in both groups. In the study group, out of 7 infected cases, intraperitoneal fluid cultures were positive in 6 cases, but only 3 had positive swab cultures. In the control group, out of 20 infected cases, swab culture was positive in 16 cases (p = 0.0399). Among the study group, bowel sounds return in 4.10 ± 1.20 days compared to 5.9 ± 1.17 in the control group. In the study group, fever >100°F developed in 14 (28%) patients in the post-operative period whereas in the control group it was 29 (58%) (p < 0.0024). SSI rates in the two groups were (7/50) 14% and (20/50) 40% respectively (p = 0.0034). Conclusion: This study suggests that super-oxidized solution is effective and safe in reducing post-operative complications including SSI, burst abdomen and episodes of post-operative fever.

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Water is one of the most essential natural resource, which is often costly and limiting particularly in arid and semi arid regions. Under climatic changing scenario, fresh water resources at global level is synchronizing day by day and creating water scarcity and transforming more irrigated area to rainfed. The use of water holding amendments like hydrogel polymer enhancing the water and nutrient use efficiency and will become more important over time, especially in arid and semi arid region. Hydrogel has unique characteristics that it retains water and nutrient from their surrounding area and will help in alleviating moisture stress of crop plants during prolonged dry period and where irrigation facilities are available this technology could reduce the number of irrigation applied to crops. The dose of hydrogel as suggested in the literature varies from 2.5 to 5 kg/ha depending on the soil texture. A lower dose is recommended for clayey soil while a higher dose is recommended for sandy soil. Nowadays water management is considered as one of the biggest challenge in arid and semi arid region of world, in fact by 2030 global water demand probably to be 50% higher than today, resulting in water scarcity. Many research finding confirmed that hydrogel not only used for saving of water/irrigation, but also have tremendous potential to improve the physical and biological properties of soil. In this paper, responses of hydrogel polymers on various crops are reviewed.

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