Introduction: Shoulder joint is a highly mobile joint but is prone for rotator cuff injuries and dislocations. It is necessary to accurately diagnose rotator cuff and labral injuries so that appropriate plan of action for treatment can be taken. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) can be used to diagnose and describe the extent of rotator cuff tendon and labral injuries and any secondary rotator cuff muscle abnormalities. Aim: To study the demographic profile of patients presenting with shoulder pain and instability, identify the various rotator cuff injuries causing shoulder pain, identify the rotator cuff interval lesions causing microinstability, identify the various labral and bony pathologies in instability, describe the MRI features of the rotator cuff, rotator cuff interval, labral and bony injuries. Materials and Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study of patients with symptoms of either shoulder pain or instability who underwent MRI evaluation of the shoulder in the Department of Radiodiagnosis, Rajarajeswari Medical College and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India, from July 2018 to December 2020. The study population consisted of 54 patients with either shoulder pain or instability who underwent MRI of shoulder. All the MRI scans of the shoulder in this study were performed using 1.5 Tesla Siemens Magnetom Avanto (Tim 76x18) MR machine using a flex coil. Results: The study population consisted of 54 patients comprising of 38 males and 16 females. The age of the patients ranged from 20-77 years. Majority of the patients were older than 50 years constituting about 33.33% of the total study population. Rotator cuff injury was the commonest cause of pain. Tendinosis was the commonest type of rotator cuff injury followed by partial-thickness and full-thickness tendon tears. The commonest grade of tendinosis was mild or grade 1. Supraspinatus tendon was the most commonly affected tendon followed by subscapularis and infraspinatus tendons. Teres minor tendon was normal in all the cases. Anterior instability was the commonest type of instability with equal prevalence of soft tissue Bankart, bony Bankart and Perthes lesions. Biceps pulley lesions resulted in long head of biceps tendon instability, microinstability and internal impingement. Conclusion: Rotator cuff injuries are the commonest cause of shoulder pain and are seen more frequently after the fifth decade. Shoulder instability is most commonly seen in young male adults. Tendinosis is the commonest type of rotator cuff injury. Supraspinatus tendon is the most commonly injured tendon. Anterior instability is the commonest type of shoulder instability. Biceps pulley lesions result in long head of biceps tendon instability, microinstability and internal impingement. MRI can diagnose interstitial or intrasubstance tendon tears which are not visualised on arthroscopy. MRI description of tendon and labral tears, tendon retraction and muscle atrophy can guide the orthopaedician during arthroscopy and in treatmentplanning.

BACKGROUNDInternal derangement of knee means loss of normal knee function due to ligament or meniscal injuries. MRI is a routinely utilised noninvasive modality for evaluation of various knee disorders including internal derangement. MRI provides excellent soft tissue contrast and multiplanar images when compared to other musculoskeletal imaging modalities.The aim of the study is to study the demographic profile of patients presenting with internal derangement of knee, identify the various ligament and meniscal injuries causing internal derangement of knee and describe the MRI features of the ligament and meniscal injuries.

BACKGROUND Rotator cuff unit plays an important role in the normal functioning of the shoulder joint and any injury to these muscles will lead to potential clinical consequences. Hence, it is necessary to understand its anatomy, functioning and to identify any deviation from its normal pattern in imaging. For this, MRI of shoulder joint gives us the required information in detail without actually subjecting the patients to ionizing radiation.

BACKGROUND Spinal cord tumours are relatively rare tumours and can present with a wide variety of symptoms. If they are not diagnosed early and treated immediately, they can lead to neurological deficits and disability. Therefore, accurate diagnosis is necessary, which will help in directing the therapy. Nowadays, MRI is the most commonly used modality for spinal cord tumour diagnosis unless there is a contraindication. The aim of this study was to study the demographic profile of patients with spinal cord tumours to assess the distribution, features, localisation and extent of spinal cord tumours by MRI and correlate the tissue characterisation by MRI with that of histopathological examination. MATERIALS AND METHODS A prospective study was conducted in the Departments of Radiodiagnosis, Neurosurgery and Pathology at SCBMCH, Cuttack, from October 2010 to October 2012. 52 patients diagnosed as having spinal cord tumours by clinical examination and MRI were followed till post-surgery discharge. RESULTS Out of the 52 patients with spinal cord tumours, 28 patients (54%) were males and females made up around 46% (24 patients). Around 6% of the patients were in the paediatric age group. Our study showed that intradural extramedullary tumours 36/52 (69%) were the commonest followed by intramedullary tumours 10/52 (19%) and extradural tumours 6/52 (12%). Overall, schwannoma was the commonest spinal cord tumour accounting for 46.1% of the tumours. Out of 52 cases, MRI diagnosed 46 cases (88.46%) correctly and misdiagnosed 6 cases. MRI was able to correctly diagnose 91.67% of the intradural extramedullary tumours, 90% of the intramedullary tumours and 66.67% of the extradural tumours. CONCLUSION MRI is the preoperative investigation of choice in the evaluation of spinal cord tumours. MRI can accurately diagnose spinal tumours and guide surgical resection.