Background: Infertility is a multidimensional health issue which is rising dramatically. The common causes include ovarian, uterine, tubal disorders, hormonal imbalance, age-related factors and lifestyle factors. The low economic strata poses a subset of problems like difficulty in seeking healthcare, treatment costs and poor compliance. Authors sought to evaluate the factors for primary and secondary infertility in women of reproductive age group who belong to low socio-economic strata using laparoscopy.Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted in the obstetrics and gynaecology department at Sanjay Gandhi memorial hospital, Delhi comprising 50 infertile women of reproductive age group belonging to low socioeconomic class for a period of 2 years from June 2015 onwards.Results: Among primary infertility, tuberculosis (27.02%), ovarian cyst (16.22%), adhesions (10.81%), polycystic ovaries (10.81%) and Pelvic inflammatory disease (10.81%) were the major findings whereas in secondary infertility Pelvic inflammatory disease (23.07%), tuberculosis (15.38%), adhesions (15.38%) and endometriosis (7.69%) were the major factors seen in the study.Conclusions: Tuberculosis and pelvic inflammatory disease were the major factors seen in infertile women of low socioeconomic status thus, they should be kept high on the list of differential diagnosis even if the investigative work up is negative.

INTRODUCTIONPostpartum haemorrhage or excessive blood loss after child birth is major cause of obstetric morbidity and mortality in both developed and developing countries. Haemorrhage probably has killed more women than any other complication of pregnancy in the history of mankind. It is estimated that worldwide, 1 woman dies every 4 min due to post-partum haemorrhage with an average yearly incidence of about 1,40,000 women deaths, the majority of which is contributed by women in underdeveloped and developing countries. 1 The incidence is higher in operative deliveries especially when conducted under general anaesthesia. The incidence is said to be 3.9% in vaginal deliveries and 6.4% in caesarean deliveries. 2 A significant proportion of deaths from PPH are potentially preventable. Thus, those caring for pregnant women must be aware of the risk factors for PPH and be prepared to deal aggressively with this complication when it does occur. The most common cause of PPH is uterine atony which is responsible for at least 80% of cases of PPH. ABSTRACTBackground: Postpartum haemorrhage is major cause of obstetric morbidity and mortality. It is estimated that worldwide, 1 woman dies every 4 minutes due to postpartum haemorrhage. The incidence is said to be approximately 4% in vaginal deliveries and 7% in caesarean deliveries. The most common cause of postpartum haemorrhage is uterine atony which accounts for 80% cases of PPH. In patients poorly responding to medical management and before major surgical intervention and hysterectomy is envisaged, uterine tamponade is reasonable option for management of PPH. The condom catheter has been shown to be effective in managing severe PPH, and is a simple, cheap and quick intervention which may prove valuable in resource-poor countries. However, limited data is available regarding efficacy of uterine condom catheter tamponade. In this study, authors hypothesized that uterine condom catheter tamponade will reduce the need for surgical intervention by 70±10% for management of atonic PPH in patients who respond poorly to medical management. Methods: Prospective data of 26 women who went into atonic Primary PPH was collected over period of one year. Results: Out of 26 women who had atonic PPH, 12 were inserted with condom balloon catheter after medical management. Success rate was 11/12 (91.7%). Conclusions: Authors conclude that uterine condom catheter tamponade is 91.7% effective in controlling atonic postpartum haemorrhage poorly controlled with medical management, and hence is effective in averting laparotomy on 91.7% such patients.