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Passive gamma ray spectrometry and neutron capture prompt gamma activation analysis (PGAA) were used to investigate powdered cow's milk samples [termed optimal (1), optimal (2) and optimal (3)] collected from local markets in the city of Cairo, Egypt. Standard material with a total average activity of 0.830 ± 0.2 Ci and a certified reference material [IAEA (A-14)] were used to study the accuracy of a passive multi-gamma ray measurement method. Three powdered milk samples of the same geometry and volume were used in this analysis. The specific activity of 226 Ra ranged from 24.5 ± 2.1 to 114 ± 1.2 Bq/kg, 232 Th from 8 ± 1 to 14 ± 1.2 Bq/kg and 40 K from 444 ± 28 to 1826.1 ± 3.1 Bq/kg, all of which were higher than the activities corresponding to the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effect of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR) (50, 50 and 500 Bq/kg for 226 Ra, 232 Th and 40 K, respectively). The average dose rate at 1 cm for 40 K ranged from 8.21E−02 ± 0.12 to 3.3E−1 ± 0.22 mSv/h/cm. We also showed that 208 Tl 81 , 212 Pb 82 and 212 Bi 83 should be considered products of thorium. k 0 -PGAA was carried out using an integrated and calibrated prompt gamma ray system with a neutron flux of 10 6 n/cm 2 per second. The thermal to epithermal neutron flux ratio (f) and cadmium ratio were measured using a thin gold foil technique (ration = 160). Different Cl concentrations were prepared as standards for k 0 -PGAA. The elemental concentrations of Na,

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