Aspergillus species are ubiquitous opportunistic molds that cause both allergic and invasive syndromes. A 65-year-old female, farmer by occupation, presented with left upper limb and trunk swelling for one year, associated with pain, tightening of skin, and vesicles with watery discharge. Local examination showed a diffuse swelling extending from left arm to forearm and lateral chest wall associated with edema, induration, and raised temperature. The swelling was firm to hard with superficial skin ulcers and black eschar. Hematological investigations of the patient showed raised total WBC count and peripheral blood eosinophilia. Patient had no history suggesting immunosuppression. Clinico-radiological impression was left breast carcinoma with secondary skin involvement. fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) from the swelling showed inflammatory cells, necrosis, epitheloid cell granulomas, and giant cells along with branching hyphae of variable thickness, confirmed on Gomori Methenamine Silver stain as fungal hyphae. Culture was advised which identified the species as Aspergillius fumigatus. Primary cutaneous infection by A. fumigatus in an immunocompetent patient is unheard of. FNAC has an important role in resolving diagnostic dilemma in primary cutaneous aspergillosis, which may mimic malignancy as in our case.

Kimura disease (KD) is a rare, idiopathic chronic inflammatory disorder that usually presents as unilateral painless lymphadenopathy or soft tissue swelling of the head and neck region in young Asian males. The disease lacks pathognomonic clinical and cytomorphological features and can be mistaken for many reactive and malignant conditions. We report three cases of KD presenting as bilateral swelling of the head and neck region, and describe the cytomorphological features of each. In the correct clinical setting, a polymorphous lymphoid aspirate with eosinophils and Warthin‐Finkeldey giant cells should raise a suspicion of KD and prompt further work up.

The Lhermitte-Duclos disease (LDD), also known as dysplastic cerebellar gangliocytoma, is a rare lesion characterized by variable enlargement of cerebellar folia. The pathological basis of LDD has long been debated, as it has overlapping features of both, a neoplasm and hamartoma. Association between LDD and Cowden syndrome (CS) has been established based on the presence of phosphatase and tensin homologue germline mutation in both. We present a series of six cases of LDD: Four females and two males, aged between 16 and 38 years, presenting with headache and imbalance on walking of 1–7 months duration. Histomorphology showed thickening and vacuolation of the molecular layer, loss of Purkinje cells, and replacement of granular cell layer by large dysplastic ganglion cells. Awareness of histological features of this rare entity and a higher level of suspicion is required for the correct diagnosis, which, in turn, should prompt thorough investigations to exclude features of associated CS. LDD is a rare entity, awareness of its histological features and correlating them with radiology is essential, especially in tiny biopsies; to render the correct diagnosis. Diagnosis of LDD warrants further clinical workup and close follow-up for the associated features of CS.

Context: Bony lesions involving the cranium and spine have a wide range of etiologies, ranging from congenital, traumatic, inflammatory, to neoplastic. Aim: The aim was to analyze the histological spectrum of various bony lesions of cranium and spine received as biopsies from the neurosurgery department in our hospital. Materials and Methods: There were 123 cases of bony lesions of cranium and spine diagnosed over a period of 5 years during 2015–2019 in the neuropathology laboratory. These cases were studied retrospectively. Results: Out of the total 123 cases of bony lesions analyzed, 75 affected the cranium and 48 affected the spine. Overall, neoplastic lesions (83) were more frequent than the nonneoplastic lesions (40). In the cranium, neoplastic lesions (66/75) outnumbered the nonneoplastic ones (9/75), whereas in the spine, nonneoplastic lesions (31/48) were more common. Chordoma (40/83) was the most common neoplasm, whereas tuberculous osteomyelitis (30/40) was the most common nonneoplastic lesion encountered. Majority of the patients were adult males aged between 21 and 50 years. Rare lesions such as spinal osteochondroma, poorly differentiated neoplasm metastatic to the cervical spine from a primary salivary gland neoplasm, spinal metastasis of a glioblastoma, and intraosseous meningioma of cranium were recorded. Conclusions: The study provides epidemiological information regarding the incidence and nature of bone lesions of the spine and cranium.

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