(1) Background: Diabetes impairs angiogenesis and wound healing. Paracrine secretion from adipose stem cells (ASCs) contains membrane-bound nano-vesicles called exosomes (ASC-Exo) but the functional role and therapeutic potential of diabetic ASC-Exo in wound healing are unknown. This study aims to investigate the in vivo mechanistic basis by which diabetic ASC-Exo enhance cutaneous wound healing in a diabetic mouse model. (2) Methods: Topically applied exosomes could efficiently target and preferentially accumulate in wound tissue, and the cellular origin, ASC or dermal fibroblast (DFb), has no influence on the biodistribution pattern of exosomes. In vivo, full-thickness wounds in diabetic mice were treated either with ASC-Exo, DFb-Exo, or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) topically. ASC-Exo stimulated wound healing by dermal cell proliferation, keratinocyte proliferation, and angiogenesis compared with DFb-Exo and PBS-treated wounds. (3) Results: Diabetic ASC-Exo stimulated resident monocytes/macrophages to secrete more TGF-β1 and activate the TGF-β/Smad3 signaling pathway. Fibroblasts activated by TGF-β1containing exosomes from ASCs initiate the production of TGF-β1 protein in an autocrine fashion, which leads to more proliferation and activation of fibroblasts. TGF-β1 is centrally involved in diabetic ASC-Exo mediated cellular crosstalk as an important early response to initiating wound regeneration. (4) Conclusions: The application of diabetic ASC-Exo informs the potential utility of a cell-free therapy in diabetic wound healing.

No abstract

A 27-year-old female presented with complaints of pain in the left hypochondrium for the past six months. Pain was dull aching, continuous, without aggravating or relieving factors. No diurnal variations or associated fever reported. The patient belonged to a non-farming family, however, having a pet dog at home. Abdominal examination revealed mild splenomegaly. Laboratory tests, CBC, LFT & biochemistry were all within normal limits. Plain X-ray abdomen was unremarkable [Table/ Fig-1].An abdominal ultrasonography was carried out which showed two cystic lesions with multiple septations at the superior pole of the spleen. Contrast enhanced CT scan abdomen confirmed the USG findings [Table/ Fig-2], demonstrating splenomegaly with non enhancing cystic lesions having internal septations and suspicious daughter cysts within it, strongly suggestive of hydatid cysts.