Background: Sleep quality has significant effects on cognitive performance and physical power and is influenced by multiple factors such as stress. Contrary to the ideal, medical students suffer from sleep deprivation and stress at times when they should achieve the greatest amount of learning. However, poor sleep quality may negatively impact test performance as well, creating a vicious circle. Aim of the study: this study aimed to assess the relationship between sleep quality and academic performance among medical students in Taif University. Methods: this descriptive, cross-sectional analytic study was conducted on 299 of Saudi male and female medical students in Taif University, Saudi Arabia, who completed a self-administered survey by using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and academic grades to collect data. Data were collected from 5-Feb-2017 to 28-May-2017.The analysis was performed using IBM SPSS statistics (v. 23). Results: a total of 299 medical students were included in this study and surveyed to check for any association between the quality of sleep and their academic scores. Almost 56% of the participants were females. The highest percentage of the participants were from 3 rd year (30.4%) and the least were from the fifth year who represented only 9.4%. the highest percentage of the participant had academic score between 3-3.5 and represent 36.5% , while those who scored between 3.5 and 4 represented 34.8% of the group. The least were those who scored 2 or less they were only 5 students (1.7%). The average sleep score for all the participants was 14.17(SD±2.7). There was a significant difference in the sleep score between males and females (p value =0.04). The Females scored higher (14.46±2.7) than the males (13.82±2.7) which means that the fames had slightly better sleep quality. There was no significant difference in sleep quality between student from different academic years (p value = 0.97) and between students of different academic achievement (p value=0.99). There is no significant correlation between the score representing the Quality of sleep and the academic score (p value =0.935). Conclusions and recommendation: the sleep quality was negatively associated with academic performance in medical students. Health education is recommended to improve quality of sleep and promoting lifestyles of the students.

Background Diabetes mellitus type II (T2D) is a chronic condition that requires significant change in the family behavior and is associated with psychosocial conflicts for both patients and their family environment. The aim of this study is to assess burnout among relatives caring for patients with T2D. Methods This cross-sectional study with random sampling was conducted on 501 caregivers of patients with T2D between April and September 2021 at Prince Mansour armed forces hospital in Taif city, Saudi Arabia. Data collection tool was a modified version of the caregiver stress self-assessment questionnaire. Data analysis was then carried out using t -test and chi-square test (SPSS v20). Results The mean patient age was 64.4+12.0 years, female predominant with longstanding T2D. Metformin was the most prescribed T2D medication. The caregivers’ mean age was 34.9+12.4 years, male predominant, and around 45% of them report low level of education and income; 63.9% of the caregivers report little to no stress. Compared with caregivers with mild/moderate stress and moderate/severe stress, caregivers with little to no stress were more likely to be younger in age (P <0.001), male (P = 0.464), single (P = 0.035), patient’s offspring (P = 0.490), caring for T2D patients with younger age (P = 0.058) and shorter T2D duration (P = 0.074), patients who were less likely to use a wheelchair (P = 0.008), patients who were less likely to be prescribed a complex insulin regimen and with better glycemic control parameters (both P >0.05), and patients with higher HDL level (P = 0.037). Conclusion There were no correlations between the caregivers’ levels of stress and the T2D patients’ HbA1c levels. There was a significant positive correlation between a caregiver’s stress score and the caregiver’s age. Future studies are needed to assess other caregivers’ parameters and their relation to metabolic control of T2D patients.