Objective: This study looks at how instructors feel about brain-based learning and analyses the impact ofdemographics on those feelings.Study Design: A standardized questionnaire was used to conduct a descriptive design using the surveyapproach.Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted from 2016 to 2018 at different universities at Islamabad, Pakistan.Materials and Methods: Through a multilevel mixed sampling procedure, 311 university instructors wereselected as a sample. This survey only included faculty members at universities in Islamabad who are majoringin the social sciences, management sciences, or arts and humanities.Results: The mean value of teachers' attitudes toward brain-based learning was 136.12. The male mean, whichis 126.24, is higher than the female mean, which is 121.06, and the difference in means was sizable. Similarly,academic qualification (p=.024), disciplines (p=.000), age (p=.001), Teaching experiences (p=.006), anduniversities (p=.006) have a significant effect on teachers' attitudes toward brain-based learning.Conclusion: Teachers at the university level were not fully confident in the use of brain-based learningprinciples because they were implementing them haphazardly and could not clearly explain why their actionswere beneficial to the teaching-learning process. The attitudes of teachers regarding brain-based learning weresignificantly influenced by their gender, age, teaching experiences, universities, teachers' employment in thepublic or private sector, their academic specializations, or their educational background.

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This study tried to explore students’ experiences and problems with online teaching and learning during COVID-19 and the improvement of current LMS through Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) approaches. A mixed-method approach was used in this project. A triangulation design was used in this study. This study was held at the university level and from Baltistan University; researchers took 12 students through a purposive sampling method. After thematic analysis, a survey was conducted. There are 2000 students at Baltistan University. 200 university students were randomly selected as the sample of this study. Semi-structured interviews and self-developed questionnaires were used as research tools. Thematic analysis and descriptive statistics were used to analyse the data. This study concluded that self-learning, family and teacher issues, financial, internet and light issues, IT assistance, and training needs at the students, teachers, and parental level were collectively described as a human-computer interface in the online teaching-learning process during COVID-19. All the students believed that when their family and teachers’ issues; financial, internet, and light issues, information technological assistance, and parents, students, and teachers’ training are improved then improvement of current LMS through Human-Computer Interaction approaches has occurred in Baltistan university.

Objective: To identify the reasons for choosing medicine as a career in medical students and find their association with gender and different academic performance. Study Design: Case control study. Place and Duration of Study: Shifa College of Medicine, Islamabad Pakistan, from 2015 to 2017. Methodology: A self-reported questionnaire was developed after thorough literature search and interviewing few students. All students who gave consent and filled questionnaire were included in the study. Students, who obtained less than 50% marks in professional examinations, were labelled as cases and those who passed were labelled as controls. Ratio of cases to controls obtained was 1:2. Data was analyzed using SPSS-23. Results: Total 225 students took part in the study. Half of both genders [M=55 (50%), F=61 (53%)] came into this field by their own choice. Male students chose medicine as a career mainly because they were more passionate [M=51(46%), F=38 (33%), pvalue = 0.03], wanted to honor their parents‟ wishes [M=35 (31%), F=28 (24%)], and used to find biology easier than math [M=19 (17%), F=14 (12%)]. Female students chose medicine as a career mainly because they had a misconception of relatively easier career growth in medicine [M=4 (3%), F=6 (5%)]. Conclusion: Most medical students in this private institute came into medicine of their own choice. However, passion, honoring parents‟ wishes and finding biology easier than math was more evident in failed students and male gender whereas females came with misconception of an easy career path in medicine.