Results: The age of the studied patients ranged from 2 to 67 years with a mean± SD of 29.23±15.1 with males dominating the sample (78.6%).Road traffic accident was the main cause of injury (65.7%).The most common indication for requesting a CT scan was an altered level of consciousness and vomiting. Intracranial CT scan findings related to head injury were seen in 82% of victims of which fractures (50%) and intracranial hematomas (45.2%) were the main findings followed by combined injuries(31.8) and soft tissue injuries (31.6%).Incidental intracranial findings not related to trauma were seen in 6.2% of cases. Conclusion: In patients with acute head injury, CT scan can be used as the initial imaging investigation as it can yield various types of head injuries and their consequences related to trauma.

Background and objective: Polycystic ovarian cyst is the most common and complex reproductive endocrinopathy affecting females of childbearing age. This study aimed to investigate the sonographic prevalence of polycystic ovary morphology among women of reproductive age group, and correlate it with age, menstrual disturbances, fertility problems, obesity, and hormonal profile. Methods: This study was carried out in the Rizgary Teaching Hospital and private clinic in Erbil city, Kurdistan region of Iraqfrom 1 st August 2016 to 1 st June 2017. A total of 782 women were included in this study. Inclusion criteria were any woman attending to pelvic ultrasound for whatever the cause other than pregnancy. The prevalence of polycystic ovary morphology was determined depending on Rotterdam's criteria; correlation with clinical history and biochemical indices was done. Results: Of the total study sample of 782 women, 147 (18.8%)had polycystic ovarian cyst. The highest prevalence (32.7% and 43%) was among the age group 18-27 years and participants with high body mass index (31-≥40).There was a statistically significant correlation between menstrual cycle irregularities and serum prolactin andserum testosterone. The highest polycystic ovary prevalence was found among participants with a history of amenorrhea and oligomenorrhoea, 92.3% and 75.2%, respectively. Conclusion: We observed that polycystic ovary is an age-related disease and the prevalence of the disease decreases with age. The highest prevalence was seen among the age group of 18-27 years and least in the age group of 38-47 years. No patients with polycystic ovary were found above 48 years.

Background and objective: The gallbladder size, volume, and wall thickness can be affected by many disease processes. Therefore, there is a need to establish a baseline sonographic normogram of gallbladder dimensions and volume for early detection and follow-up of a diseased gallbladder. This study aimed to establish a baseline sonographic normogram for gallbladder volume and wall thickness in normal adults and its relationship with age, gender, and body mass index. Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted on 400 normal adult subjects aged 18-73 years at the Radiology Department of Rizgary Teaching Hospital and Private Clinic in Erbil city, Kurdistan Region of Iraq. Gallbladder dimensions, including height, length, width, volume, and wall thickness, were measured by sonographic scanning of the subjects' gallbladder after an overnight fasting. Results: Out of 400 subjects, 248 (62%) were male, and 152 (38%) were female. There was a slight difference between male and female gallbladder volume (29.87 ml for males and 26.5 ml for females) and wall thickness (2.53 mm for males and 2.46 mm for females), with the measurements slightly higher in males. A statistically significant variation was found between gender and age of participants with gallbladder height (ranging 2.4-3.06 cm), width (ranging 2.41-3.38 cm), volume (ranging 21.03-38.39 ml), and wall thickness (ranging 2.16-2.96 mm). A non significant correlation was found between the age and gender of participants with the length of the gallbladder (ranging 6.33-6.61 cm). A moderately significant correlation was found between gallbladder volume with height and weight of participants. A weak significant statistical relation was found between gallbladder volume and the body mass index of participants. Conclusion: Normal gallbladder sonographic dimensions have been established in our locality to be used as a reference value for evaluating the healthy and diseased gallbladder. The mean volume for males was 29.87cm3, and for females was 26.57cm3. The mean wall thickness for males was 2.53mm and 2.46 mm for females. The mean height was 2.92cm for males and 2.76cm for females. The mean width was 2.93 cm for males and 2.78cm for females. The mean length was 6.54 cm for males and 6.46 cm for females.

Background and objective: Evaluating patients with blunt abdominal trauma remains one of the most challenging aspects of acute trauma care. CT scan of abdomen remains the standard imaging modality for evaluation of abdominal trauma cases. The aim of this study is to evaluate CT scan findings in blunt abdominal trauma victims with respect to solid organ injuries, hollow viscus injuries, associated thoracic and abdominal wall injuries, associated hemoperitoneum, cause of injury and type of management. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 96 hemodynamically stable patients with history of blunt abdominal trauma who underwent CT scan examination in Rozh-halat Emergency Hospital from June 2021-January 2022; using a 64 multi-detector helical slice CT scanner. Data analysis were performed on patient’s demographics, mode and type of injury, CT scan findings and severity scorings, associated injuries and type of management. Results: The mean age of enrolled cases was 28.6 ± 18.6 ranged from 4-70 years. About two third (63.5%) were males and one third were females (36.5%). The most common cause of trauma was road traffic accident (64% of cases). Out of 96 trauma cases; 87.5% of patients had positive CT findings of which 50% had hemoperitoneum, 21.9% had pneumoperitoneum, 66.7% had no hallow viscous involvement, while 33.2% had hollow viscus involvement. One third of cases had associated abdominal wall injury. 56.4% of patients had multiple organ injury. Regarding solid organ injury; 66.7% of cases had spleen injury, (36.5%) had liver injury, Pancreas was involved in 12.5% of cases. RT& LT – kidneys showed grade 2 injury in (9.4%) & (6.3 %) respectively. Half of patients with positive CT scan findings had no lower chest injury findings. This study showed that 43.8% of cases were managed conservatively, 45.9% underwent laparotomy, the incidental finding of intra-operative hemoperitoneum which was negative in CT scan was only 1%. Conclusion: CT imaging is the diagnostic tool of choice for the evaluation of blunt abdominal trauma in haemo-dynamically stable patients as it can assist in detecting and evaluating other co-existing injuries such as lower thoracic, pelvic and spine injuries apart from its main role in accurate identification of intra -abdominal injuries and associated bleeding.