Carrier dyeing is a method of dyeing polyester materials that is used when necessary. Although usage of carriers in dyeing enables the dyeing of polyester materials at atmospheric pressure, the undesirable properties of the carriers are drawbacks. Disperse dyes are classified under different energy levels and the dyeing methods and color and fastness properties of dyed materials are associated with this classification. Carriers can be used when dyeing at higher temperatures than 100°C to promote the leveling of the more difficult disperse dyes. In the presence of a carrier substance in the dye bath, the dyeing behavior of the disperse dyes may become sensitive to dyeing temperature and dye bath concentration changes. Disperse dyes may show distinct dyeing properties in combination dyeing in carrier dyeing although they belong to the same energy level. Color-matching operations made by using a color-matching software must take the sensitivity of both dye bath concentration and dyeing temperature of the disperse dyes into account in the carrier dyeing of polyester fibers. According to the experimental results obtained on individual disperse dyes in the present study, problems may arise in carrier dyeing of polyester fibers with disperse dyes in combination dyeing because of the different dyeing temperature and dye bath concentration sensitivity of dyes that have the same energy level. Combination dyeing must not be performed close to dyeing temperatures of 100°C when dyeing in the presence of a carrier.
Polycarboxylic acids are used as crosslinking agents with sodium hypophosphite which do not contain formaldehyde. In this study, breaking strength, breaking elongation and tear strength of cotton(twill weave)fabric samples were determined by using twill fabrics, six different coating recipes, produced with 100% cotton yarns. The results of breaking strength, breaking elongation and tear strength testing were compared according to the fabric structure, coating recipes and crosslinker structure statistically. A significant increase in tensile strength was observed after coating with 1g Cu 2 O|<5 µm, CuO<5 µm, ZnO<5 µm and 5 g 1,2,3,4-BTCA. The high number of warp threads per unit length in cotton woven fabric leads to an increase in tensile strength. The best results in tensile strength and elongation at break experiments were obtained after the reaction of polyacrylate binder with BTCA and ZnO microparticles.
Pamuk ve poliester günümüzde en çok kullanılan konvansiyonel lifler olarak tekstil endüstrisinde önemli bir paya sahiptir. Bu elyafların güç tutuşurluk terbiye işlemlerinde kullanılan kimyasallara alternatif olarak çevre atık yükü düşük ve sürdürülebilir doğal malzemelerinin elde edilmesi çalışmanın çıkış noktasını oluşturmaktadır. Bu noktada doğal materyallerden birisi olan muz kabuklarının, yapılarındaki potasyum, magnezyum ve kalsiyum mineralleri dolayısıyla tekstil materyali üzerinde bir alev almaya karşı kalkan görevi görebileceği düşünülmektedir. Çalışmada, ilk olarak muz kabuğunun yapısından ekstraksiyon yöntemiyle büyük boyutlu ve yabancı maddeler uzaklaştırılmıştır. Bitkisel atık ekstratları ilk olarak yakma, haşıl sökme, merserize ve kasar ön terbiye işlemleri ile aynı gramaj ve konstrüksiyona sahip %100 pamuklu kumaşlara emdirme ve kaplama yöntemlerine göre uygulanmıştır. İkinci olarak ise; yakma, soğuk kasar ön terbiye işlemlerinden geçirilen %50 pamuk-%50 poliester karışımlı dokuma kumaşlar üzerine aynı aplikasyon yöntemleriyle uygulanmıştır. Muz kabuğu atık ekstratlarının pamuk ve pamuk-poliester karışımlı kumaşların yapısındaki dağılımını incelemek için SEM görüntüleri alınmıştır. Pamuk ve pamuk/poliester karışımı kumaşlarda emdirme ve kaplama sonrası muz kabuğu atık ekstraktlarının sıcaklık-zaman fonksiyonuna bağlı kütle kayıpları TGA analizleri ile tespit edilmiştir. Muz kabuğu ekstraktı ve ticari güç tutuşurluk kimyasallarıyla emdirme ve kaplama işlemine tabi tutulan %100 pamuklu ve %50 Pamuk-%50 PES karışımlı kumaşların alev alması için ortamda bulunması gereken oksijen miktarının belirlenmesi için LOI analizi gerçekleştirilmiştir.
In this study; licorice root, which is a sustainable natural material with a low environmental waste load, is used as an alternative fire retardant (FR) material. Flammable retardancy properties of 100% cotton and 50% cotton-50% polyester blended woven fabrics were researched by using licorice root and commercial organic phosphorus-nitrogen and phosphorus including compounds. Flame retardancy and thermal decay behaviour of the cotton and cotton/polyester blended fabric samples were qualified by the vertical burning test, limiting oxygen index (LOI), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The findings revealed that licorice root extracts enhanced the thermal behavior of the cotton and cotton/polyester blended fabrics after padding and coating processes. The practices increased the amount of oxygen demand for combustion in the environment and besides they did not change the morphological properties of the fabric samples. As a result, the usage of licorice root extracts considerably improved the fabric’s flammability under test.
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