This research assessed the micro-level Land Surface Temperature (LST) dynamics in response to Land Cover Type Transformation (LCTT) at Khulna City Corporation Ward No 9, 14, 16 from 2001 to 2019, through raster-based analysis in geo-spatial environment. Satellite images (Landsat 5 TM and Landsat 8 OLI) were utilized to analyze the LCTT and its influences on LST change. Different indices like Normalized Difference Moisture Index (NDMI), Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Normalized Difference Buildup Index (NDBI) were adopted to show the relationship against the LST dynamics individually. Most likelihood supervised image classification and land cover change direction analysis shows that about 27.17%, 17.83% and 4.73% buildup area has increased at Ward No 9, 14, 16 correspondingly. On the other hand, the distribution of change in average LST shows that water, vacant land, and buildup area recorded the highest increase in temperature by 2.720C, 4.150C, 4.590C, respectively. The result shows the average LST increased from 25.800C to 27.150C in Ward No 9, 26.840C to 27.230C in Ward No 14 and 26.870C to 27.120C in Ward No 16. Here, the most responsible factor is the transformation of land cover in buildup areas.

PurposeKhan Jahan Ali (KJA) Bridge was constructed to promote industrial and commercial activity and improve economic and employment activity for local people. This study assessed the post-socioeconomic and environmental impacts of KJA Bridge on the inhabitants living adjacent to 2 Km from the bridge. As there is a slum adjacent to the bridge, the bridge has impacted much on the improvement of the social economic condition and lifestyle of the slum people.Design/methodology/approachThe study approached a questionnaire-based field survey data collection through interviewing the people in the surrounding areas. To assess the environmental impacts, land cover change (LCC), carbon emissions and land surface temperature (LST) data were derived from Landsat images and processed in geospatial environment.FindingsThe study suggests that after bridge construction, 84% people have new jobs and about 87% people's income level has been increased. As a tourist spot, the bridge served employment opportunities for the 12% of the inhabitants. About 83% house structures have been improved, where the percentages of pucca and semi-pucca houses increased by 11% and 23%, respectively. The frequency of school-going children and literacy rate also increased. Despite all the socioeconomic development, 7.48% agricultural, 9.75% vegetation, 1.74% waterbodies were declined. Net carbon emissions increased to 13,432.39 tons from 3,323.46 tons; average LST increased from 25.750 to 32.550°C after the bridge construction.Originality/valueThis study focused on descriptive statistical analysis and portrayed the impact of the bridge on social, economic and environment from a micro point of view.

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