The aims of the present study are to examine whether preschool children's scores on a standardized test of vocabulary mediate or moderate the relation between shyness and reticence and to test whether any influence of vocabulary would be found for both teacher and parent assessments of shyness. Participants were 108 children (50 males), mean age, 63.96 months, attending preschool in Saudi Arabia. Teachers selected shy and non-shy children and both teachers and parents rated the children on a shyness checklist. Children completed a test of receptive vocabulary. Systematic observations of verbal behaviour were made in 'show and tell' and play sessions. Shyness scores were negatively correlated with vocabulary test scores. Shy children were more reticent during 'show and tell' and play. Vocabulary test scores did not moderate relations between teacher-assessed or parent-assessed shyness and reticence. Vocabulary test scores did not mediate the relation between teacher-assessed shyness and reticence but there was partial mediation in analyses involving parents' assessments. The variation in findings between different informants is discussed.

The current study aims to verify the impact of children's secure attachment to their mothers on their mastery motivation in the light of the dependence on domestic workers' phenomenon in the Saudi society. To achieve the goals of the study, a random sample of Saudi children was selected from Riyadh city in Saudi Arabia, whose favorable economic circumstances contributed in the dependence of their families on domestic workers. The sample is consisted of two pre-school children groups who were under six years old; the first group is consisted of (74) child whose families depend on domestic workers, while the second group is consisted of (109) child from families who do not depend on domestic workers to care for their children. The outcomes were collected after applying DMQ 17 questionnaire for assessing mastery motivation for children below the age of 6 for George Morgan. The results showed that early attachment's relationship with mothers has a prominent impact on the mastery motivation development. Moreover, the outcomes showed no significant effects of domestic workers who are in charge of housekeeping, and care services on all mastery motivation dimensions.

The present study aimed to evaluate using the whole milk as alternative oral contrast for the assessment of gastrointestinal CT enterography. Fifty patients undergo (18 female and 32 male) aged from 21 to 79 years (mean 45 years) undergo abdominal CT at the department of diagnostic radiology of King Abdulaziz University Hospital. They receive 1 -1.5 liter whole milk. Siemens SOMATOM definition CT Scan Machine with 64 slices and dual source was utilized to image all patients in research population group where iodinated oral contrast media was replaced by a whole milk available in the local market. Patients were scanned as per the routine protocol used for CT Abdomen at KAUH-CT Unit: Helical Mode with 0.7 Pitch was performed on all paints in supine position using a 16-detector row scanner (Bright Speed S, General Electric-Milwaukee Wisconsin, USA). The following parameters were applied: collimation of 16 × 0.625 (1.25 -3.75) mm, pitch of 3, Slice thickness: 5 mm, gantry rotation time of 400 mAs, tube voltage of 120 KV and scan time 11.05 second. The images of all cases were reviewed by two qualified radiologists. Conclusion: The present study suggested that whole milk was found to be an effective alternative negative contrast for the assessment of the jejunum, ileum and terminal ileum in CT enterography. It was excellent for gastric imaging and we recommended replacing milk as negative oral contrast since it is available and cost effective. Further research to be conducted with modified milk drinking timing for better large bowel distention.