For carbon steel X70 in a 1 M hydrochloric acid solution, Scorzonera undulata acetate extract (SUAc) was investigated as an ecological corrosion inhibitor. The anti-corrosion effect of Scorzonera undulata extract is studied using potentiodynamic polarization analysis and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The polarization curves clearly show that the extract is an excellent mixed inhibitor. Our findings show that the maximum inhibition efficiency of 83% has been found with inhibitor concentration up to 400 mg/L at 298 Kelvin. The Langmuir isotherm is followed by the inhibitor’s adsorption on the steel surface and physical adsorption was discovered to be the mechanism. To understand the inhibitory mechanism, thermodynamic parameters (ΔG°ads) and activation parameters (Ea, ΔHa, and ΔSa) were determined. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectrometry studies of the surface chemistry and morphology are included to this investigation. The results obtained from chemical and electrochemical measurements, confirm that a protective film is formed on the carbon steel surface.