Purpose-This paper aims to analyze the determinants on job satisfaction in the Egyptian labor market, using Egypt's Labor Market Panel Survey (ELMPS), the wave of 2012. Design/methodology/approach-Several determinants are analyzed including the wage level, the paid and sick leaves, the medical and social insurance, job stability among other individual and job characteristics. To this end, an ordered logit model is estimated to assess the significance of these different variables as determinants for job satisfaction. Findings-The empirical findings indicate that wages and stability are major determinants for job satisfaction for the sample of wage workers. However, the results change according to gender; the hourly wage level affects men's level of job satisfaction, while it does not affect that of females. Furthermore, the job satisfaction of women is determined more by the job characteristics rather than the monetary compensation. Social implications-The empirical findings shed light on the importance of formalizing jobs, as it has an effect on the level of job satisfaction of both women and men.

INTRODUCTION: Comminuted fractures of the mandible are an important traumatism, in which the mandibular bone is splintered or crushed. Treatment of these types of fractures had always been a challenge to surgeons, considering both the severity of the trauma and the presence of discontinuity defects which require replacement and augmentation in order to treat the bone loss. Titanium mesh was proved to be particularly useful for reconstruction of mandibular discontinuity defects also it can be used as a scaffold for bone grafts. Electrophoretic deposition (EPD) is a coating technique used to increase the osseointegration and increases bone regeneration. OBJECTIVES: To histologically evaluate the effect of titanium mesh coated with hydroxyapatite nanocrystals using electrophoretic deposition on bone osseointegration and healing following comminuted mandibular fractures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A controlled induced comminuted fracture on the inferior border of the mandible extending from the 2 nd premolar to the 2 nd molar was performed on 12 mongrel dogs. Six dogs were treated using titanium mesh coated with hydroxyapatite nanocrystals (study group) and the other six using uncoated titanium mesh (control group). The dogs were sacrificed at 2, 4 and 6 weeks and the specimens were dissected to be histologically and radiographically evaluated for new bone formation. RESULTS: The histological outcome showed superior bone healing in the bony defects in the resembling comminuted fracture in the study group than the control group. CONCLUSIONS: The nano-hydroxyapatite coated titanium mesh is a suitable method for reconstruction of comminuted fractures with bony defects.

Purpose This paper aims to evaluate the technical efficiency of the health-care systems in 21 selected middle-income countries during the period (2000–2017) and determine the source of inefficiency whether it is transient (short run) or persistent (long run). Design/methodology/approach The study uses the stochastic frontier analysis technique through employing the generalized true random effects model which overcomes the drawbacks of the previously introduced stochastic frontier models and allows for the separation between unobserved heterogeneity, persistent inefficiency and transient inefficiency. Findings Persistent efficiency is lower than the transient efficiency; hence, there are more efficiency gains that can be made by the selected countries by adopting long-term policies that aim at reforming the structure of the health-care system in the less efficient countries such as South Africa and Russia. The most efficient countries are Vietnam, Mexico and China which adopted a social health insurance that covers almost the whole population with the aim of increasing access to health-care services. Also, decentralization in health-care has assisted in adopting health-care policies that are suitable for both the rural and urban areas based on their specific conditions and health-care needs. A key success in the implementation of the adopted long-term policies by those countries is the continuous monitoring and evaluation of their outcomes and comparing them with the predefined targets and conducting any necessary modifications to ensure their movement in the right path to achieve their goals. Originality/value Although several studies have evaluated the technical efficiency both across and within countries using non-parametric (data envelopment analysis) and parametric (stochastic frontier analysis) approaches, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first attempt to evaluate the technical efficiency of selected middle-income countries during the period (2000–2017) using the generalized true random effects stochastic frontier analysis model.

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Even though corruption is correlated to political and moral degradation, there is no consensus on the impact of corruption on economic growth. Although, theory leans to the view that corruption has negative impact on growth, still empirical evidence and counter arguments show that there might be positive implications for corruption. This paper compares the corruption impact on growth in 17 developed European countries vs. 15 developing MENA countries using a pooled OLS model and a random effects model for the period (1999-2012). This paper contributes to the literature by examining the impact of corruption on growth in scarcely examined countries in Europe and MENA. Also, the paper findings are intriguing because they show that the region, as a proxy to degree of development, significantly influences the effect of corruption on economic growth.