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Cognitive impairment is common among older adults. It doesn't not only threaten their quality of life but also has a negative impact on caregivers, as well as represents challenges in different clinical care settings. The aim of the study assess cognitive functions and identify the prevalence of cognitive impairment among elderly patients attending outpatient clinics in Assiut University Hospital. Material and Methods: the study included 580 elderly patients recruited from outpatient clinics of Assiut University Hospital, aged 60 years and older, they were selected by none-probability quota sample from the first of July 2012 until the end of June 2013 screened by Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) for cognitive functions, they also were assessed for their sociodemographic characteristics, health habits and Activities of Daily Living (ADL). Results: The present study shows that 18.8% of elderly patients had cognitive impairment, 57.8 % of elderly with cognitive impairment have no leisure activities, and 7.3% of them were found to be totally dependent in ADL. Conclusion: elderly patients at high risk to develop cognitive impairment especially those who are aged ≥ 65 years, female, live in rural area, not educated, lives alone and have impairment in ADL. Recommendations: screening for cognitive impairments among the elderly is important in early detection for those with cognitive impairments.

Hydrogen sulfide is produced endogenously by a variety of enzymes involved in cysteine metabolism. Clinical data indicate that endogenous levels of hydrogen sulfide are diminished in various forms of cardiovascular diseases. The aim of the current study was to investigate the effects of hydrogen sulfide supplementation on cardiac function during reperfusion in a clinically relevant experimental model of cardiopulmonary bypass. Twelve anesthetized dogs underwent hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass. After 60 minutes of hypothermic cardiac arrest, reperfusion was started after application of either saline vehicle (control, n = 6), or the sodium sulfide infusion (1 mg/kg/hour, n = 6). Biventricular hemodynamic variables were measured by combined pressure-volume-conductance catheters. Coronary and pulmonary blood flow, vasodilator responses to acetylcholine and sodiumnitroprusside and pulmonary function were also determined. Administration of sodium sulfide led to a significantly better recovery of left and right ventricular systolic function (P < 0.05) after 60 minutes of reperfusion. Coronary blood flow was also significantly higher in the sodium sulfide-treated group (P < 0.05). Sodium sulfide treatment improved coronary blood flow, and preserved the acetylcholine-induced increases in coronary and pulmonary blood (P < 0.05). Myocardial ATP levels were markedly improved in the sulfide-treated group. Thus, supplementation of sulfide improves the recovery of myocardial and endothelial function and energetic status after hypothermic cardiac arrest during cardiopulmonary bypass. These beneficial effects occurred without any detectable adverse hemodynamic or cardiovascular effects of sulfide at the dose used in the current study. The aim of the current study was to test potential cytoprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of the novel biological mediator hydrogen sulfide in murine models. Murine J774 macrophages were grown in culture and exposed to cytotoxic concentrations of nitrosoglutathione, or peroxynitrite (a reactive species formed from the reaction of nitric oxide and superoxide). Pretreatment of the cells with sodium sulfide (60-300 µM) reduced the loss of cell viability elicited by the nitric oxide donor compound (3 mM) or by peroxynitrite (3 mM), as measured by the MTT method. Sodium sulfide did not affect cell viability in the concentration range tested. In mice subjected to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 5 mg/kg i.p.), treatment of the animals with sodium sulfide (0.2 mg/kg/hour for 4 hours, administered in Alzet minipumps) reduced the LPSinduced increase in plasma IL-1β and TNFα levels. These responses were attenuated when animals were pretreated with the heme oxygenase inhibitor tin-protoporphyrin IX (6 mg/kg). The current results point to the cytoprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of hydrogen sulfide, in cells exposed to nitrosative stress, and in animals subjected to endotoxemia. Introduction It has been previously shown that the two forms of acute cholecystitis, acute acalculous cholecystiti...

Transurethral cystolithotripsy is the most common way to manage cystolithiasis. Aim of this study: Was to evaluate the effect of implementing nursing preparations on improving patients' pain and satisfaction. Patients and methods Randomized Control Study design saw utilized to conduct this study. This study was carried out in the Urology and Nephrology Assiut University Hospital. A random sample of 60 adult patients of both sexes, the mean age of study group (51.20±11.73) and the mean age of control group (49.36±12.49). Patients were divided into two equal groups (study and control) 30 patients for each. Tools: Tool (I): Patient assessment sheet, tool (II): Pain numeric rating scale and tool (III): patient satisfaction with nursing care quality questionnaire. Results: Statistically significant differences were found between study and control groups post implementing nursing preparations as regard pain level and patients satisfaction. Conclusion: Significant pain improvement and high level of satisfaction were observed throughout implementation of the nursing preparations among the study group.