In this study, coal ash/recycled plastic composite material was fabricated with post-consumer high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and coal ash particles. The main idea of using coal ash, since it is also a waste product, as reinforcing filler in recycled HDPE is to reduce the cost, develop lightweight and produce environmental-friendly materials. Coal ash/recycled plastic composite have been used in significant applications as construction materials including flooring, landscaping, fencing, railing window framing and roof tiles. Effect of coal ash loading on the mechanical properties and thermal conductivity of coal ash/recycled HDPE composite were determined. It is expected to use waste materials in new field by getting novel composite materials with developed mechanical properties. It was found that coal ash filler indicated significant improvement on the mechanical properties of composites. The results show that the impact decreased tremendously from 57.32 to 15.8[Formula: see text]kJ/m2 with only 30[Formula: see text]wt.% loading of coal ash. The filler increases the elasticity of the material and reduces its ability to absorb deformation energy.

Ytterbium doped TiO 2 nano-particles were prepared via Sol-Gel Technique under varying conditions to investigate the effects of Ytterbium ion doping on the Titania optical properties in MID IR range. X-ray diffraction analyses show that prepared Yb 3+ doped TiO 2 samples have polycrystalline structure in Anatas phase. FTIR spectrums for pure and doped samples after annealing process show a single transmission peak at wave number around 1145 cm −1 . Transmission rate of this peak depends on Yb 3+ concentrations and its value rises from 1.82% (for pure TiO 2 ) to 58.1% (for doped with 1.13 wt% Yb 3+ ). Slightly peak shift occurs at a lower doping rate with no further response to higher concentration rate. FTIR spectra gives a good indication in direction of preparation of optical band-pass filter at a wavelength around 8.733 µm (~1145 cm ).

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The most important environmental constraints at the present timeis the accumulation of glass waste (transparent glass bottles). A lot ofexperiments and research have been made on waste and recyclingglass to get use it as much as possible. This research using recyclingof locally waste colorless glass to turn them into raw materials asalternative of certain percentages of cement to save the environmentfrom glass waste and reduce some of the disadvantages of cementwith conserving the mechanical and physical properties of concretemade. A set of required samples were prepared for mechanical testwith different weight percentage of waste glass (2%, 4%, 5%, 6%,8%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25%). American standard for calibration(ASTM C109 / C109M-02) to measure the compressive strengthwhere the results showed that the Maximum compressive strengthwas obtained at the low weight percentage replacement 2%, 4% and5% 6% which is 67.12, 69.24, 62.56 and 59.96 Mpa respectively. fororiginally mix recorded bending resistance (54.16) Mpa.

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