SUMMARY:This study describes the preparation and use of Roselle (Hibiscus sabddariffa) for the differential staining of testicular tissue sections to find out its staining effect on nuclear, cytoplasmic and other structures. Various treatments using modifications of the plant extract in water were carried out on sections of the rabbit testis. Various levels of differentiation of nuclear and cytoplasmic structures as well as other structures of this organ was obtained especially when 1% eosin was applied as a counter stain. The best staining result was obtained when iron alum was used to mordant the extract and when the extract, mordanted with potassium alum was acidified using acetic acid and used to stain the sections. Modification of the aqueous extract to an alkaline pH using ammonia gave the poorest staining effect. Roselle extract therefore shows reasonable potential as a candidate nuclear stain especially when modanted with iron alum or mordanted with potassium alum and acidified with acetic acid.

The aims of this research are to investigate the extent of the constructivist learning environment integration in science classrooms and students' perceptions of their actual and preferred learning environments in science learning. Additionally, this research aims to assess educational facilities in schools and identify its relationship with constructivist learning environment. Actual and preferred form of Constructivist Learning Environment Survey (CLES) and Learning Environment Assessment (LEA) were used in this research. The instruments were administered to 150 Form Four science students from 3 schools in Bidor, Perak. The data were analysed quantitatively for the research questions. The result showed that students agreed to most of the scales in actual form of CLES except the scale Shared Control in which they were not invited to share teacher's control in planning learning environment. T-test showed that students tended to prefer more constructivist learning environment than the actual learning environment (p<0.05). Besides, the result showed that subsection Academic Learning Space in LEA was at the level of minimal adequacy whereas subsection Interior Environment showed the level of moderate adequacy. Simple correlation analysis showed that LEA was positively related to actual form of CLES (r=0.22). The finding suggested that science teachers should implement the constructivist approach and improve their practice based on students' preference of learning environment to improve students' performances. Also, educational facilities were suggested to be assessed to ensure the success of the integration of constructivist learning environment in the science classrooms.

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<span lang="EN-US">The purpose of the study was to develop a valid and reliable instrument that can assess green chemistry awareness among secondary schools. This study applied a quantitative approach with a survey design to obtain information related to items and constructs to build an instrument to access student awareness of green chemistry. The study population involved all form four students who are taking a chemistry subject in 85 secondary schools in the State of Melaka, Malaysia. This study involved two phases and all the respondents were selected using a random sampling method. The first phase involved 700 respondents and the second phase involved 500 respondents. The pilot study involved 100 students who were also randomly selected from the same population but not involved in phase I and phase II study. The data obtained were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) software. As a result, the Green Chemistry Awareness Instrument (GCAI) was developed. GCAI contains six constructs with a total of 29 items; knowledge (eight items), attitudes (six items), value (eight items), and awareness lighting (seven items). GCAI was found to have good content and construct validity as well as high reliability. Hence, it can assess green chemistry awareness among secondary school students. GCAI also has the advantage of being easily administered.</span>