Biometana dari POME (palm oil mill effluent) merupakan energi terbarukan yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai substitusi gas alam dan LPG. Produksi biometana dapat mencapai 10% dari konsumsi gas bumi saat ini atau setara dengan 20% dari konsumsi LPG bila keseluruhan kapasitas produksi pabrik kelapa sawit dioptimalkan. Salah satu teknologi untuk produksi biometana yang sudah komersial untuk skala industri adalah water scrubber. Penerapan teknologi ini, khususnya di pabrik kelapa sawit Sei Pagar, Riau dengan kapasitas 250 Nm3/jam, belum ekonomis. Makalah ini bertujuan untuk melakukan kajian tekno ekonomi upgrading biogas berbasis POME dengan teknologi water scrubber. Berdasarkan hasil kajian yang dilakukan, biaya investasi upgrading biogas plant mencapai 53,2 miliar rupiah, sedangkan biaya operasi dan perawatannya mencapai 8,3 miliar rupiah. Harga biometana masih lebih mahal dari pada harga gas bumi sebesar 5,62 USD/MMBTU. Pada harga gas di atas 18,5 USD/MMBTU, upgrading biogas plant layak untuk dikembangkan. Kendala yang dihadapi dalam mencapai kelayakan adalah biaya investasi yang mahal serta harga gas bumi yang lebih murah. Berbagai kebijakan seperti transisi energi dan feed in tariff untuk energi terbarukan serta penerapan biaya eksternalitas dan depletion premium untuk energi fosil diharapkan dapat mendorong kelayakan penggunaan biometana berbasis POME di masa mendatang.
The use of biodiesel from palm oil as a substitute for diesel oil is a policy of the Government of Indonesia. In addition to renewable energy, the use of biodiesel as a fuel for transportation and industry is also an effort to reduce imports of diesel oil. Apart from the advantages of renewable biodiesel and almost no sulfur, biodiesel also has several disadvantages when compared to diesel from petroleum. The use of biodiesel as a fuel for transportation must be mixed with petro diesel. In Indonesia today, 30% of diesel fuel sold in the market has been mixed with biodiesel. This paper will present a study related to the percentage of biodiesel blending from various raw materials with petrodiesel to determine the characteristics of the mixed fuel. Biodiesel from palm oil, jatropha and canola is produced in the laboratory. The mixed oil characterization was carried out according to the ASTM test procedure. The viscosity of the mixed oil increases with the increase in the percentage of biodiesel. The flash point value also increases with the increase in the amount of biodiesel in the mixture. The opposite result was obtained for oxidation stability characteristics.
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